Grain Yield Stability of Rice Genotypes

Stability analysis identifies the adaptation of a crop genotype in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate promising rice genotypes for yield stability at different mid-hill environments of Nepal. The multilocation trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at three locations viz Lumle, Kaski; Pakhribas, Dhankuta; and Kabre, Dolakha. Seven rice genotypes namely NR11115-B-B-31-3, NR11139-B-B-B-13-3, NR10676-B-5-3, NR11011-B-B-B-B-29, NR11105-B-B-27, 08FAN10, and Khumal-4 were evaluated in each location. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The rice genotype NR10676-B-5-3 produced the highest grain yield (6.72 t/ha) among all genotypes. The growing environmental factors (climate and soil conditions) affect the grain yield performance of rice genotypes. The variation in climatic factors greatly contributed to the variation in grain yield. Polygon view of genotypic main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot showed that the genotypes NR10676-B-53 and NR11105-B-B-27 were suitable for Lumle; NR11115-B-B-31-3 and NR11139-B-B-B-13-3 for Pakhribas; and 08FAN10 and NR11011-B-B-B-B-29 for Kabre. The GGE biplot showed that genotype NR10676-B-5-3 was stable hence it was near to the point of ideal genotype. This study suggests that NR10676-B-5-3 can be grown for higher grain yield production in mid-hills of Nepal

Vote Shifting Patterns: Comparative Cases from the Constituent Assembly Elections in Nepal

As the literature on electoral politics reveals, vote shifting is one of the most politically sensitive issues. This article focuses on the vote shifting pattern of electoral politics of Nepal. It is based on the secondary data from the first and the next Constituent Assembly (CA) elections held in 2008 and 2013 respectively, published by the Election Commission of Nepal. It aligns with the mixed of quantitative and qualitative approaches. It is limited to the data that belong to the first-past-the-post (FPTP) electoral system covering 240 constituencies and party-wise vote shifting pattern. The results show that a higher vote shifting pattern was marked in the 2013 CA election in comparison to the 2008 CA election. The results also show that the Nepalese voters show a cyclic tendency towards electing a new political power at the cost of the traditional one(s) as their political aspirations are not achieved

Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus in high altitude: A cross sectional study in mountainous region of Nepal

Background: There had been many studies depicting variations in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nepal ranging from 1.4% to 19%. However, the pooled prevalence was found to be 8.4%. There are only few studies done till date in our part of the world to study the actual prevalence and determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( DM-2) in people residing in mountains.&#x0D; Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted with to estimate the prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus among the high-altitude populationin Jomsom district of Nepal.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Jomsom district of Nepal, at an altitude of 2743 meters on 4th and 5thof June, 2017 . A detailed history from the participants of their past medical illness including diabetes mellitus and hypertension was taken. In addition, blood sugar level, blood pressure, anthropometric variables like weight, height, BMI, Waist, Hip, Waist/hip ratio were documented after the verbal consent of the participants.&#x0D; Results: A total of 617 local residents of Jomsom were enrolled in the study. The mean age of study population was 44.4±17. 6 years with female to male ratio being 1.15:1 (53.5% vs 46.5% male). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found to be 5.2%, which was significantly lower than the overall prevalence of diabetes in the Nepalese population which is 8.4%. Male population was found to have higher prevalence of diabetesin our study. Higher BMI and waist/hip ratio were also associated with increased incidence of diabetes mellitus. This study revealed that compared with individuals with a normal BMI, individuals who were overweight or obese were more likely to be diagnosed with DM-2 (OR [95%CI]: ranging from 4.33 [0.96–19.46] for overweight adults to 7.76 [1.76–34.13] for adults in Obesity.&#x0D; Conclusion: The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus is lower among the individuals residing in higher altitude compared to the general population although the other determinants are comparable.</jats:p

Grain Yield Stability of Rice Genotypes

Stability analysis identifies the adaptation of a crop genotype in different environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate promising rice genotypes for yield stability at different mid-hill environments of Nepal. The multilocation trials were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at three locations viz Lumle, Kaski; Pakhribas, Dhankuta; and Kabre, Dolakha. Seven rice genotypes namely NR11115-B-B-31-3, NR11139-B-B-B-13-3, NR10676-B-5-3, NR11011-B-B-B-B-29, NR11105-B-B-27, 08FAN10, and Khumal-4 were evaluated in each location. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The rice genotype NR10676-B-5-3 produced the highest grain yield (6.72 t/ha) among all genotypes. The growing environmental factors (climate and soil conditions) affect the grain yield performance of rice genotypes. The variation in climatic factors greatly contributed to the variation in grain yield. Polygon view of genotypic main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot showed that the genotypes NR10676-B-53 and NR11105-B-B-27 were suitable for Lumle; NR11115-B-B-31-3 and NR11139-B-B-B-13-3 for Pakhribas; and 08FAN10 and NR11011-B-B-B-B-29 for Kabre. The GGE biplot showed that genotype NR10676-B-5-3 was stable hence it was near to the point of ideal genotype. This study suggests that NR10676-B-5-3 can be grown for higher grain yield production in mid-hills of Nepal.</jats:p

Study of Antibacterial Activity of Root Bark, Leaves, and Pericarp Extracts of Diploknema butyracea and Evaluation of Prospective Antioxidant Activity

This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of root bark, leaves, and pericarp extract of Diploknema butyracea and to evaluate the prospective antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, polyphenol, and carbohydrate content. The plant parts were collected and extracted by cold maceration, using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening of different samples of D. butyracea in different solvents revealed the presence of varied extent of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, anthraquinones, tannin, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, carbohydrate, polyphenol, protein and amino acid, resin, and phytosterol. Our study showed that methanolic root bark extract exhibited the potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumonia with an average zone of inhibition of 17.33 mm, 14.33 mm, and 13.0 mm, respectively. Surprisingly, all of the extracts were insensitive to Escherichia coli. The lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 4.6 mg/ml, was observed with the aqueous pericarp extract against S. epidermidis and the highest was of 50 mg/ml shown by ethyl acetate pericarp against K. pneumonia. Our results showed that both the polar and nonpolar components present in the different parts of D. butyracea exhibit prominent antibacterial activities against different bacterial strains. The in vitro 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity showed that the methanol extract of root barks displayed the most potent antioxidant activity (IC50 : 6.1 µg/ml). The total polyphenol content of the plant part extracts was observed between 19.48 ± 0.23 and 123.48 ± 1.84 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Likewise, flavonoid content ranged from 40.63 ± 1.28 µg to 889.72 ± 3.40 μg quercetin equivalent/mg of dry extract weight and total carbohydrate content ranged from 11.92 ± 0.60 µg to 174.72 ± 0.60 µg glucose equivalent per/mg dry extract weight. Overall, our study showed that the root bark, pericarp, and leaves extract of D. butyracea evinced prominent antibacterial properties against various pathogenic bacterial strains.</jats:p

Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre-ST-elevation Myocardial infarction Registry (SGNHC-STEMI-Registry), Nepal

Background and Aims: Incidence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is increasing in Nepal. We aim to describe the presentation, management, complications, and outcomes of patients admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre (SGNHC), Nepal.&#x0D; Methods: Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre-ST-elevation registry (SGNHC-STEMI) registry was a cross sectional, observational, registry. All the patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of STEMI from January 2018 to December 2018 were included.&#x0D; Results: In this registry, 1460 patients out of 1486 patients who attended emergency were included. The mean age of patients was 60.8±13.4 years (range: 20 years to 98 years) with 70.3% male patients. Most of the patients (83.2%) were referred from other hospitals and 16.8% of patients directly attended the SGNHC emergency. During the presentation, smoking (54%) was the most common risk factor, followed by hypertension (36.6%), diabetes mellitus (25.3%), and dyslipidemia (7.8%). After admission, new cases of dyslipidemia, HTN, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), and Type 2 DM were diagnosed in 682 (51.3%), 182 (20.1%), 148 (10.3%) and 95 (8.9%) respectively. At the time of presentation, 73.3% were in Killip class I and 26.3% were above Killip class II with 5.1% in cardiogenic shock. Thirty-one percent of the cases received reperfusion therapy (Primary percutaneous intervention in 25.2% and fibrinolysis in 5.8%). Inferior wall MI was the most common type of STEMI. Among the patients who underwent invasive therapy, the multi-vessel disease was noted in 46.2% cases and left main coronary artery involvement in 0.7% cases. In-hospital mortality was 6.2% with cardiogenic shock being the most common cause. Aspirin (97.8%), clopidogrel (96.2%), statin (96.4%), ACEI/ARB (76.8%) and beta-blocker (76.8%) were prescribed during discharge.&#x0D; Conclusion: The SGNHC-STEMI registry provides valuable information on the overall aspect of STEMI in Nepal. In general, the SGNHC-STEMI registry findings are consistent with other international data.</jats:p