Static optimization in PHP 7

PHP is a dynamically typed programming language commonly used for the server-side implementation of web applications. Approachability and ease of deployment have made PHP one of the most widely used scripting languages for the web, powering important web applications such as WordPress, Wikipedia, and Facebook. PHP's highly dynamic nature, while providing useful language features, also makes it hard to optimize statically. This paper reports on the implementation of purely static bytecode optimizations for PHP 7, the last major version of PHP. We discuss the challenge of integrating classical compiler optimizations, which have been developed in the context of statically-typed languages, into a programming language that is dynamically and weakly typed, and supports a plethora of dynamic language features. Based on a careful analysis of language semantics, we adapt static single assignment (SSA) form for use in PHP. Combined with type inference, this allows type-based specialization of instructions, as well as the application of various classical SSA-enabled compiler optimizations such as constant propagation or dead code elimination. We evaluate the impact of the proposed static optimizations on a wide collection of programs, including micro-benchmarks, libraries and web frameworks. Despite the dynamic nature of PHP, our approach achieves an average speedup of 50% on micro-benchmarks, 13% on computationally intensive libraries, as well as 1.1% (MediaWiki) and 3.5% (WordPress) on web applications

Master Robotic Net

The main goal of the MASTER-Net project is to produce a unique fast sky survey with all sky observed over a single night down to a limiting magnitude of 19 - 20mag. Such a survey will make it possible to address a number of fundamental problems: search for dark energy via the discovery and photometry of supernovas (including SNIa), search for exoplanets, microlensing effects, discovery of minor bodies in the Solar System and space-junk monitoring. All MASTER telescopes can be guided by alerts, and we plan to observe prompt optical emission from gamma-ray bursts synchronously in several filters and in several polarization planes.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

The Problem of Social Inclusion and Evaluation of Adult Literacy in Russia

In the paper Russian results of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competency (PIAAC) are analyzed and compared to the data from the OECD countries. In the focus of the research is the concept of “participation in society” proposed by the developers of the PIAAC. The results show that “social inclusion” and “success” measured in the PIAAC through peoples’ individual achievements are not always connected with high level of competence in Russia. There is a large proportion of people in the group of respondents with the lowest level of literacy, who are “included” and “successful” (at least according to formal criteria). This distinguishes Russia from the OECD countries with developed economies

ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS OF IMPROVEMENT OF BUILDING AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

The article considers the economic and technological factors of improving the air conditioning systems of commercial and office facilities. It analyzes both electric and other ‘green’ air conditioning systems. Engineering systems and networks wear out to a much greater extent than buildings, due to the phenomena of material and moral deterioration. Traditional buildings, especially old ones, require an individual approach to the construction of air conditioning systems. The synergistic effect in air conditioning systems can be extracted by combining various power units that make up such systems and using alternative energy sources in them. The development of information technology contributes to the effective solution of the problems of conditioning buildings based on control computer programs

Апофатический и катафатический пути советской политической теологии

The discourse of political theology developed by Schmitt makes it possible to identify a secular religion in Marxism. Marxism is aimed at achieving an "earthly paradise". In the Soviet project, based on the "dictatorship of the worldview" (Berdyaev), its own political theology is being formed, including apophatic and cataphatic elements. The apophatic content is connected with the totalization of the denial of the ideals, laws, and order of the old world. Hobbes sees in the state a Leviathan - a powerful mortal god, whom God is able to catch and tame at any moment. Taking the side of the Behemoth in the fight against Leviathan, the revolutionary forces are focused on the negative ontological connection that arises during the collapse of the state between Leviathan and God, whose place in the revolutionary consciousness is occupied by the laws of history. The apophatic theology of the Soviet project is built in the logic of increased attention to revolutionary upheavals, punishing Leviathan for unworthy behavior. As a result, the Soviet revolutionary project is deconstructing and destructive in nature. Revolutionary forces, personifying righteous anger, radicalize the fight against the discovered "social evil", entering an area of the escalation of violence. A necessary condition for building a "new world" is the consistent destruction of the old one "to the foundations". However, at the moment of gaining power, the revolutionary forces abandon the apophatic and enter the cataphatic path. The main dogma for social construction is the position of communism as the inevitable future of human history. Blind faith in the inevitability of communism is ill-suited to see what God, or the laws of history, allows Leviathan to do. The struggle against the dehumanizing essence of capitalism gradually contributes to the construction of an equally dehumanizing society (Berdyaev) - an ideological, bureaucratic, planned-distributive total state. Rampant communal forces (Zinoviev) create new hierarchies and a new social division. Ideology takes frozen "hypernormal" forms that do not correspond to reality. In the end, the mismatch of social and ideological projects during the “performative shift” (Yurchak) entails the collapse of the USSR, illustrating the new revelation of the divine pacification of Leviathan

Police/Militia in (Post-)Soviet Popular Culture (Towards a Historical Iconography of Power)

The idea of the police as a “good order” from the Polizeiwissenschaft of absolutism was developed in the biopolitical model of caring for the population of the Modern era, engaged in ensuring safety and well-being. Being a product of mass society, the modern state has focused on influencing public opinion. In the XIX–XX centuries, there was a counter-movement of police supervision and art which gave rise to ‘police aesthetics’. Cinematography was an effective means of forming a desirable image of the Soviet militia in the post-war period of normalization of public life. By contributing to the Soviet myth of developed socialism, militia cinema contributed to a screen-to-life transfer of a new norm of trust between representatives of power and citizens. This constructivist cinema involved the viewer in the cinematic reality by likening them to the main character, a militiaman who acts as a moral guide. In addition to forming the image of the ‘familial militia’, intellectual militia cinema—with its focus on professionalism—is actively developing. The most popular version of the latter is militia cinema that thematizes the moral rightness of militia officers fighting crime in the name of Soviet citizens. Involvement in the cinematic reality through assimilation, novelty, memory, and imagination included the romanticization of the historical events of the revolution. Militia cinema was inverted during the years of the perestroika. It exploited the effect of novelty associated with the viewer's immersion in emerging market relations. The viewer's interest was focused on the wrong, criminal, side of public life. Crime is romanticized, the militia is stigmatized. From constructing the myth of cooperation between the government and the population, militia cinema moves on to deconstructing the myth, achieving an effect of denigration. The fashion for American cinema brings elements of action, thriller, horror. The viewer is no longer included in the imperious project of transforming reality; they are attracted by the illusion, the spectacle. The latest police cinema, overcoming total deconstructionism, is busy reconstructing the spirit of Soviet militia cinema in modern settings. Oscillating between the intention to generate positive images of the police and the demonstration of the “truth of life”, modern police cinema contains the natal shoots of a new cinema in which the image of the police is important for the normalization of public life

Patterns of folded structure formation in the maximum bending zone of [111] FCC single crystals

Formation of folded structure in the zone of [111] FCC single crystals maximum bending has been studied on the example of nickel under compression tests. Quasi-periodical behavior of misorientation change in the folded structure has been established following the direction to increasing Schmid factor for the acting slip systems. Change in misorientation inside and on the boundaries of the formed folding coincides with its accumulation in dislocation system: inside and on the boundaries of deformation bands