Fenologia foliar da floresta Amazônica de terra firme por imagens digitais RGB

Leaf phenology may drive seasonal variation in canopy-scale photosynthetic capacity and carbon flux in the Central Amazon. Visual monitoring of leaf flush from the forest floor is time consuming and difficult against an overcast sky. Seasonal trends of vegetation indices from orbital sensors have been challenged due to artifacts from seasonal trends in solar illumination angle. Tower-mounted RGB cameras are an attractive alternative. The Green Chromatic Coordinate (GC = green brightness divided by summed brightness of the three RGB channels) has been employed for this purpose. However, subtle seasonal change of tropical forest GC at landscape-scale may be of smaller amplitude than artifacts related to color balance, crown shadow size, illumination angle, exposure speed and sensor drift. Furthermore, gradual change in GC is affected by both leaf age and leaf amount. Nonetheless, abrupt GC change of large amplitude occurs at the individual crown scale and can be reliably attributed to massive leaf flush or leaf loss events. We analyzed a full year of daily images from an RGB camera mounted 50 m above the forest canopy at the Amazon Tall Tower site (59.0ºW, 2.1ºS), on a well-drained plateau. We minimized artifacts by maintaining the sun behind the camera, accepting only images with diffuse illumination, by giving equal weight to each tree crown and by radiometric inter-calibration of all selected images against a standard. For each of 267 individual crown areas we then prepared a greenness timeline of daily GC values. Eighty-two percent of these upper canopy crowns showed a clear episode of rapid and massive leaf flush (smoothed GC slope >0.01/month, sustained for at least 0.5 month and peaking above 75th percentile of daily GC values) and 30% showed massive rapid leaf drop (smoothed GC slope 0,01/mês, sustentada por pelo menos 15 dias, culminando acima do 75º percentil dos valores diários do GC) e 30% mostrou uma perda rápida e massiva de folhas (inclinação suavizada do GC < -0,01/mês, sustentada por pelo menos 15 dias, atingindo valores abaixo do 25º percentil dos valores diários do GC). O flush foliar foi fortemente concentrado nos cinco meses mais secos (50% de todas as copas) comparado com os cinco meses mais chuvosos (10% de todas as copas). Isto contradiz o recentemente proposto controle por fotoperíodo na fenologia foliar das árvores na região equatorial úmida. Árvores com abrupta perda e emissão de folhas atingiram o seu verdor mínimo 26 +/- 16 dias antes do verdor máximo, indicando que a perda de folhas foi um rápido preâmbulo para o flush foliar na estação seca

MULTIPLICAÇÃO E ALONGAMENTO IN VITRO DE CLONES HÍBRIDOS DE Eucalyptus globulus

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509821524Eucalyptus globulus hybrids represent an excellent alternative to the pulp and paper sector, because of gains in wood quality for pulp. However, these hybrids have shown recalcitrance to adventitious rooting. Thus, micropropagation is considered the technique for rejuvenating adult genetic materials, allowing its clonal propagation. This study evaluated the in vitro culture of three clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus and three clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus in relation to in vitro multiplication on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 BAP and 0,01 mgL-1 NAA. The effect of IBA concentrations (0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 mg L-1) and MS and JADS culture media was evaluated on in vitro elongation. The clones differed during in vitro multiplication of shoots and they had an average multiplication rate of 3.0 shoot clusters in each subculture. The responses of the clones to different concentrations of IBA, as well as to MS and JADS culture media differed for elongation in vitro. The range between 0.40 and 0.80 mg L-1 AIB provided the highest number and length of in vitro elongated shoots and the best vigor of shoots.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050982524Os híbridos de Eucalyptus globulus representam uma excelente alternativa para o setor de celulose e papel, em razão dos ganhos em qualidade da madeira para a fabricação de celulose. Entretanto, estes híbridos têm apresentado recalcitrância ao enraizamento adventício. Assim, a micropropagação é apontada como a técnica para o rejuvenescimento desses híbridos adultos, viabilizando a propagação clonal dos mesmos. O presente trabalho avaliou o cultivo in vitro de três clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus e de três clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus, em relação à multiplicação in vitro, no meio MS suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,01 mg L-1 de ANA, bem como o efeito das concentrações de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,0 mg L-1 de AIB e dos meios de cultura MS e JADS no alongamento in vitro das brotações. Os clones diferiram quanto à multiplicação in vitro das brotações e apresentaram uma taxa de multiplicação média dos clones de 3,0 tufos de brotações em cada subcultivo, ao longo dos 25subcultivos realizados. No alongamento in vitro, os clones diferiram quanto às concentrações de AIB adequadas para provocar o alongamento, bem como em relação aos meios de cultura MS e JADS. O intervalo médio entre 0,40 e 0,80 mg L-1 de AIB proporcionou o maior número e comprimento das brotações alongadas in vitro e com maior vigor.

IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION AND ELONGATION OF HYBRID CLONES OF Eucalyptus globulus

Os h\uedbridos de Eucalyptus globulus representam uma excelente alternativa para o setor de celulose e papel, em raz\ue3o dos ganhos em qualidade da madeira para a fabrica\ue7\ue3o de celulose. Entretanto, estes h\uedbridos t\ueam apresentado recalcitr\ue2ncia ao enraizamento advent\uedcio. Assim, a micropropaga\ue7\ue3o \ue9 apontada como a t\ue9cnica para o rejuvenescimento desses h\uedbridos adultos, viabilizando a propaga\ue7\ue3o clonal dos mesmos. O presente trabalho avaliou o cultivo in vitro de tr\ueas clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus e de tr\ueas clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus, em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 multiplica\ue7\ue3o in vitro, no meio MS suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,01 mg L-1 de ANA, bem como o efeito das concentra\ue7\uf5es de 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,0 mg L-1 de AIB e dos meios de cultura MS e JADS no alongamento in vitro das brota\ue7\uf5es. Os clones diferiram quanto \ue0 multiplica\ue7\ue3o in vitro das brota\ue7\uf5es e apresentaram uma taxa de multiplica\ue7\ue3o m\ue9dia dos clones de 3,0 tufos de brota\ue7\uf5es em cada subcultivo, ao longo dos 25 subcultivos realizados. No alongamento in vitro, os clones diferiram quanto \ue0s concentra\ue7\uf5es de AIB adequadas para provocar o alongamento, bem como em rela\ue7\ue3o aos meios de cultura MS e JADS. O intervalo m\ue9dio entre 0,40 e 0,80 mg L-1 de AIB proporcionou o maior n\ufamero e comprimento das brota\ue7\uf5es alongadas in vitro e com maior vigor.Eucalyptus globulus hybrids represent an excellent alternative to the pulp and paper sector, because of gains in wood quality for pulp. However, these hybrids have shown recalcitrance to adventitious rooting. Thus, micropropagation is considered the technique for rejuvenating adult genetic materials, allowing its clonal propagation. This study evaluated the in vitro culture of three clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus and three clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus in relation to in vitro multiplication on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 BAP and 0,01 mgL-1 NAA. The effect of IBA concentrations (0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 mg L-1) and MS and JADS culture media was evaluated on in vitro elongation. The clones differed during in vitro multiplication of shoots and they had an average multiplication rate of 3.0 shoot clusters in each subculture. The responses of the clones to different concentrations of IBA, as well as to MS and JADS culture media differed for elongation in vitro. The range between 0.40 and 0.80 mg L-1 AIB provided the highest number and length of in vitro elongated shoots and the best vigor of shoots

Knowledge of nursing undergraduate students about palliative care

Objective: to understand the knowledge about palliative care of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: qualitative study carried out in a private higher education institution, with 16 undergraduate students from the 9th and 10th semesters of a nursing course. We carried out individual interviews, recorded in audio using a smartphone and later transcribed. Results: four main thematic categories emerged: knowledge of students about palliative care; the role of the nurse in the care to patients undergoing diseases that threaten their lives and the care for their family; approaches to palliative care in nursing graduation; emotional fragility when dealing with patients at the end of their life. Conclusion: participants have partial knowledge about palliative care, especially regarding comfort and the quality of life of terminal patients. Contributions to practice: nursing undergraduate students showed gaps in the knowledge about palliative care, highlighting the need to improve educational syllabuses. Emotional support and developing resilience also stood out, showing how necessary it is to improve academic education and professional training in palliative care

Estabelecimento in vitro de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus globulus

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050986626The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus clones and the effect of different in vitro insertions (at 30, 90 and 150 days after pruning the donor plants) in the in vitro establishment phase. The mini-stump plants, explant providers for the in vitro introductions, were cultivated under an indoor semi-hydroponic clonal mini-hedging. Nodal segment explants of 21 Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus clones and eight Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus clones were harvested, disinfected and inoculated in an MS culture medium, supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 of BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA. After 30 days in culture, evaluations were made and it was concluded that there were variations among the clones, as well as in vitro introductions, for the studied variables, where the in vitro establishment was possible for most clones.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050986626O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o comportamento de clones de Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus globulus Labill e Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake x Eucalyptus globulus Labill e o efeito de diferentes introduções in vitro (aos 30, 90 e 150 dias após a poda do ápice das minicepas) na fase de estabelecimento in vitro. As minicepas, fornecedoras dos explantes para a introdução in vitro, foram conduzidas em minijardim clonal semi-hidropônico. Segmentos nodais de 21 clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus e 8 clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus foram coletados, desinfestados e inoculados em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA. Após 30 dias em cultura, foram feitas as avaliações e concluiu-se que houve variação entre clones, bem como entre introduções in vitro, para as variáveis estudadas, sendo possível o estabelecimento in vitro da maioria dos clones

IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT OF Eucalyptus globulus HYBRID CLONES

O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o comportamento de clones de Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus globulus Labill e Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake x Eucalyptus globulus Labill e o efeito de diferentes introdu\ue7\uf5es in vitro (aos 30, 90 e 150 dias ap\uf3s a poda do \ue1pice das minicepas) na fase de estabelecimento in vitro. As minicepas, fornecedoras dos explantes para a introdu\ue7\ue3o in vitro, foram conduzidas em minijardim clonal semi-hidrop\uf4nico. Segmentos nodais de 21 clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus e 8 clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus foram coletados, desinfestados e inoculados em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA. Ap\uf3s 30 dias em cultura, foram feitas as avalia\ue7\uf5es e concluiu-se que houve varia\ue7\ue3o entre clones, bem como entre introdu\ue7\uf5es in vitro, para as vari\ue1veis estudadas, sendo poss \uedvel o estabelecimento in vitro da maioria dos clones.The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus clones and the effect of different in vitro insertions (at 30, 90 and 150 days after pruning the donor plants) in the in vitro establishment phase. The mini-stump plants, explant providers for the in vitro introductions, were cultivated under an indoor semi-hydroponic clonal mini-hedging. Nodal segment explants of 21 Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus globulus clones and eight Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus globulus clones were harvested, disinfected and inoculated in an MS culture medium, supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 of BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA. After 30 days in culture, evaluations were made and it was concluded that there were variations among the clones, as well as in vitro introductions, for the studied variables, where the in vitro establishment was possible for most clones

MODELAGEM HIDROLÓGICA COM O USO DE INFRAESTRUTURAS VERDES: ESTUDO DE CASO PARA A BACIA DO CÓRREGO RESSACA, SITUADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELO HORIZONTE

Com o aumento da urbanização nas cidades brasileiras, de maneira desordenada, é mais frequente a ocorrência de inundações, devido ao aumento da taxa de impermeabilização do solo e da vazão de escoamento. Neste sentido, o uso de técnicas compensátorias, também conhecidas como “infraestruturas verdes”, ganhou espaço a partir dos anos 70. Este método de drenagem procura mitigar os problemas de urbanização através da retenção ou infiltração das águas precipitadas. Considerando o exposto, este trabalho propõe a análise do impacto do uso de telhados verdes e pavimentos permeáveis no hidrograma de cheias da Bacia do Córrego do Ressaca, localizada na região da Pampulha em Belo Horizonte-MG, visando tentar mitigar os danos causados pelo processo de drenagem atual. Utilizando o software ABC-6 foram modelados dois cenários distintos para obter a viabilidade da implantação dessas técnicas, sendo modeladas a situação atual da bacia (Cenário 1), sem nenhuma técnica, e um cenário que recebeu a instalação de “infraestruturas verdes” (Cenário 2), para tempos de retorno de 10 e 50 anos. Após a modelagem, observou-se a redução da vazão de pico e do volume escoado para os tempos de retorno (TR) de 10 e 50 anos, porém para o TR de 10 anos o índice de redução é maior. A técnica que mais contribuiu para tais resultados foi o telhado verde, pois a bacia apresentou maior potencial para a instalação desta técnica, se comparado ao potencial para receber pavimentos permeáveis

Ophthalmological profile of patients with thyroid diseases in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: glaucoma investigation

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of ophthalmological pathologies, between thyroidopathies, for early diagnosis of glaucoma in patients seen at the Clínica Escola de Saúde (CES) of the Medicine Center of the Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza – Ceará – Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study and descriptive analysis of medical records of patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) on the CES electronic system, between 2013 and 2018. Screened patients were invited to perform an eye examination at Fundação Leiria de Andrade (FLA). Results: Of the 499 medical records screened, 22.8% (114) had a confirmed diagnosis for thyroid disorders, 85.9% (98) with hypothyroidism, and 14.0% (16) with hyperthyroidism. Of these, 72.0% (101) were women and 28.0% (13) men. The most prevalent age group was between 41 and 60 years old, corresponding to 46.4% (53), being 65.7% (75) from Fortaleza - Ceará. The main comorbidities associated with thyroid diseases were systemic arterial hypertension, 43.8% (50), followed by dyslipidemia, 26.3% (30), and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 13.1% of patients (15). Of the total, 25 patients were referred to the FLA, 84.0% (21) reported previous eye diseases, 4.0% (1) diagnosticated with increased constitutional excavation, and 12.0% (3) with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Conclusion: Despite the hypothesis of an association between glaucoma and thyroidopathy, the sample size didn’t allow inferences about the increased risk of its correlation, as well as in other pre-existing studies in the literature, requiring further studies to elucidate this relevant association

PRÁTICAS DE INOVAÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS

A aderência ao PIIP da UFT através de PIP próprio foi motivado por uma dificuldade do processo de ensino: uma pretensa contradição entre a teorização e a prática do economista. O PIP do Curso aparece como ferramenta de aproximação destas dimensões, importante à motivação dos alunos. Estrutura-se em três ambientes: um para oferta de grupos de estudos, mini-cursos, oficinas, seminários, palestras, etc., outro para ofertas de monitoria aos estudantes; e um terceiro, para convívio entre estudantes por meio de projetos recreativos e culturais. Os espaços para ações no âmbito destas atividades foram estruturados neste exercício, e importantes ações foram ofertadas. Mas o projeto, pela novidade que representa, precisa ainda de importantes aprimoramentos

Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Water availability is the major driver of tropical forest structure and dynamics. Most research has focused on the impacts of climatic water availability, whereas remarkably little is known about the influence of water table depth and excess soil water on forest processes. Nevertheless, given that plants take up water from the soil, the impacts of climatic water supply on plants are likely to be modulated by soil water conditions. Lowland Amazonian forests. 1971–2019. We used 344 long‐term inventory plots distributed across Amazonia to analyse the effects of long‐term climatic and edaphic water supply on forest functioning. We modelled forest structure and dynamics as a function of climatic, soil‐water and edaphic properties. Water supplied by both precipitation and groundwater affects forest structure and dynamics, but in different ways. Forests with a shallow water table (depth <5 m) had 18% less above‐ground woody productivity and 23% less biomass stock than forests with a deep water table. Forests in drier climates (maximum cumulative water deficit < −160 mm) had 21% less productivity and 24% less biomass than those in wetter climates. Productivity was affected by the interaction between climatic water deficit and water table depth. On average, in drier climates the forests with a shallow water table had lower productivity than those with a deep water table, with this difference decreasing within wet climates, where lower productivity was confined to a very shallow water table. We show that the two extremes of water availability (excess and deficit) both reduce productivity in Amazon upland (terra‐firme) forests. Biomass and productivity across Amazonia respond not simply to regional climate, but rather to its interaction with water table conditions, exhibiting high local differentiation. Our study disentangles the relative contribution of those factors, helping to improve understanding of the functioning of tropical ecosystems and how they are likely to respond to climate change