Bütünleştirici eğitim takım işidir: Farklı ihtiyaçları olan öğrencilerin fen derslerinde desteklenmesi

Science teaching for promoting inclusion (Step-IN) project is Teacher Development Agency (TDA) funded collaboration between a secondary school and a higher education institute. This project was based on a collaborative research philosophy to promote inclusive science teaching using evidence-based teaching strategies. The purpose of this continued professional development (CPD) project was to create the space for science teachers to identify potential inclusion issues in their classes and to develop strategies to tackle such issues. The CPD model included peer-collaboration and evidence-based reasoning about inclusive science teaching. This CPD experience was perceived to be an unequivocally positive one for the teachers. Inclusion of teacher's voices, developing their own CPD agenda, was found to be one of the major findings of the project.Bütünleştirici eğitimi destekler Fen Bilimleri öğretimi (Step-IN), İngiliz Öğretmen Gelişim Ajansı (TDA) tarafından desteklenmiş bir lise ve bir yüksek öğretim kurumu işbirliği projesidir. Kanıta dayalı öğretim stratejileri kullanılarak bütünleştirici fen bilimleri eğitimini destekleyen proje işbirlikçi araştırma felsefesi üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Bu mesleki gelişim projesinin amacı (CPD) Fen Bilimleri öğretmenlerine zaman yaratarak sınıflarında bütünleştirici eğitimi hayata geçime sürecindeki engelleri tespit etmek ve buna yönelik çözüm üretmelerini sağlamaktır. Projede adapte edilen mesleki gelişim modeli bütünleştirici Fen Bilimleri eğitimi hakkında meslektaş işbirliği ve kanıta dayalı akıl yürütmeyi içermektedir. Bu model araştırmaya katılan tüm öğretmenler için pozitif bir deneyim olmuştur. Çalışmanın ana bulguları içinde öğretmenlerin seslerini duyurabilmesi ve kendi mesleki gelişim ajandalarını oluşturabilmeleri en önemli bulgular arasında sıralanabilir

Kültürün Dinamik Öğeleri Olarak Sanat ve Müzik

Bu çalışmada, sanat ve müzik kültürün dinamik öğeleri olarak incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, toplumsallaşma yoluyla oluşan ve kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılarak günümüze ulaşan uzmanlık örüntüleri olarak da nitelendirilen kültürün, sanat ve müzik üzerindeki etkileri hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama (survey) modeliyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma konusu kapsamında kültürü ve kültürün zamanın dinamikleri ile olan ilişkisinin sanat ve müzik üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik çeşitli betimlemelere yer verilmiştir. Araştırmada literatür tarama tekniği kullanılarak ayrıntılı verilere ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Günümüz teknolojileri aracılığıyla, sanatta ve sanatın önemli dallarından olan müzikte kısa süre içerisinde dünyadaki farklı topluluklar arasında gerçekleşen etkileşim, değişim ve dönüşüme neden olabilmektedir. Günümüz toplulukları arasında teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında gerçekleşen bu kültürlenme durumlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesinin konuya yönelik somut ve ayrıntılı verilerin elde edilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir

A method proposed to evaluate architectural identity in public open spaces: Bursa-Cumhuriyet Square case

Kimliğini oluşturmak ve ifade etmek mekansallıkla doğrudan ilişkili bir olgudur. İnsanların olduğu gibi, mekanların da onu diğerlerinden farklı kılan, soyut ve somut özelliklerinin birleşiminden oluşan bir kimliği vardır. Mimari kimlik olarak tanımlanabilecek bu kavram, bir toplumun sahip olduğu değerlerin mimarideki ifadesi olarak özetlenebilir. Ölçek açısından bir iç mekanın veya binanın mimari kimliği olabileceği gibi, kentte serbest kullanımı olan ve herkes tarafından erişilebilir boş alanlar olarak tanımlanan kamusal dış mekanların da mimari kimliği olabilir. Ancak bir insanın kimliği nasıl ki farklı zaman ve ortamlarda veya farklı kişilerce değişik biçimlerde tanımlanabilirse, mimari kimlik de içinde bulunduğu dönemin şartlarına ve kullanıcılara göre farklılık gösterir.Yüzlerce yıldır içinde bulundukları dönemin ve toplumun şartlarına bağlı olarak kentsel yaşamın oluşmasında ve sürdürülmesinde önemli roller üstlenen kamusal dış mekanlar son yıllarda özelleşme, yok olma ve terkedilme gibi tartışmalarla gündeme gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte kentlilik kültürünün ve bilincinin yaratılması ve sürdürülmesi için insanların kamusal dış mekanların sağladığı özgürlük ve toplumsal uzlaşma alanlarına gereksinimleri bulunmaktadır.Bu bağlamda tez çalışmasının amacı, ilk olarak kentsel yaşamın sürdürülmesinde önemli bir rolü olan kamusal dış mekanlarda mimari kimliği oluşturan boyutları, faktörleri ve bunlar arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek, daha sonra kamusal dış mekanlarda mimari kimliği değerlendirmek için disiplinlerarası bir analiz yöntemi oluşturmaktır.Bu amaçla oluşturulan yöntem Bursa-Cumhuriyet Alanı (Heykelönü Bölgesi) örneği üzerinden sınanmış, geçmişten günümüze Cumhuriyet Alanı'nın mimari kimliğinin nasıl değiştiği ortaya koyulmuş, çeşitli dönemlerde farklı boyutların öne çıktığı tespit edilmiş, kavramsal şemalar yardımıyla alanın mimari kimliği dönemsel olarak tanımlanmıştır.Yapılan çalışmanın kamusal dış mekanlarla ilgili geleceğe yönelik kararların oluşturulmasında, tasarım sürecinin ilk basamağı olan hedeflerin oluşturulması ve analiz aşaması için bir başlangıç noktası niteliği taşıyacağı ve ilgili kamu kurumlarına veya serbest çalışan uzmanlara yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.To constitute and to express identity is a phenomenon directly related with spatiality. Similar to people, spaces have also identities which consist of abstract and concrete qualities and which distinguish them from others. This concept which is called architectural identity can be summarized as the values of a society expressed in architecture. Public open spaces which are defined as empty spaces that are open and accessible to all, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age or socio-economic level have also architectural identities. However, architectural identity can change according to users and conditions similar to personal identity.Public open spaces which play an important role in sustaining urban life for centuries, have recently come up with discussions such as privatization, disappearence and obsolesence. However, to create and sustain a civic consciousness and culture, people need freedom and social reconciliation promoted by public open spaces.In this context, the aim of this study is to explain the dimensions of architectural identity in public open spaces, to determine the factors and their relations affecting these dimensions and to constitute a universal and inter-disciplinary method of analysis to evaluate the architectural identity in public open spaces.The method developed with this purpose, has been tested on the sample of Bursa-Cumhuriyet Square and near surroundings (Heykelönü district), and the way that the architectural identity of the district changed from past to present has been revealed. It has been discussed that different dimensions come up in various periods and the architectural identity of the district has been defined for each period through conceptual schemes.The underlying belief in this study is that it could be a starting point for the phase of developing objectives and making analyses which is the first step of design process and guide related institutions and professionals in the formation of future-oriented decions related with public open spaces

Türk Hukukunda ve Mukayeseli Hukukta Evlilik Yoluyla Vatandaşlığın Kazanılması

Mülteci ve şartlı mülteci sayısının günden güne arttığı ülkemizde Türk vatandaşlığının kazanılmasının şartları gittikçe daha çok ilgi çekmektedir. Gerek Türkiye’de gerek birçok ülkede evlilik nedeniyle vatandaşlığın kazanılması vatandaşlığın sonradan kazanılması yollarından biridir. Ancak zaman içerisinde genel olarak birçok ülkede bakış açısının değişmesi ile konu ile ilgili mevzuat birçok değişmiştir. Bazı ülkelerde diğer yollardan vatandaşlığın kazanılmasından daha basittir. Bazı ülkelerde ise diğer yollardan vatandaşlığın kazanılmasından çok bir farkı olmayıp sadece nispetten daha çabuktur. İşbu makalenin amacı Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği üyesi bazı ülkelerin uygulamalarını analize edip Türkiye’nin bu konuya ilişkin uygulamasını değerlendirmektir

It Takes a Village: Including Diversity of Pupils’ Needs in Science Classes

Science teaching for promoting inclusion (Step-IN) project is Teacher Development Agency (TDA) funded collaboration between a secondary school and a higher education institute. This project was based on a collaborative research philosophy to promote inclusive science teaching using evidence-based teaching strategies. The purpose of this continued professional development (CPD) project was to create the space for science teachers to identify potential inclusion issues in their classes and to develop strategies to tackle such issues. The CPD model included peer-collaboration and evidence-based reasoning about inclusive science teaching. This CPD experience was perceived to be an unequivocally positive one for the teachers. Inclusion of teacher’s voices, developing their own CPD agenda, was found to be one of the major findings of the project

PASCAL laser platform produces less pain responses compared to conventional laser system during the panretinal photocoagulation: a randomized clinical trial

Background: Most of patients experience pain during the panretinal photocoagulation(PRP). Laser photocoagulation delivery has advanced with the introduction of pattern-scanning laser systems (PASCAL). Shorter pulse duration and less choroidal penetration believed to reduce pain during the laser treatment.Objectives: To compare the severity of expressed pain scores in patients with PDR who underwent PRP either with PASCAL laser or conventional laser.Methods: A total of 28 patients with a diagnosis of PDR who were scheduled for bilateral PRP therapy were enrolled into the prospective study. Both eyes were treated within the same session and while one eye was treated with PASCAL the other was treated with conventional laser randomly. Pulse duration was adjusted to 100-ms in conventional laser and 30 ms in PASCAL. The severity of pain was graded using a verbal scale and a visual analog scale (VAS).  Results: Mean age was 61.36±9.10 years. Mean verbal and VAS scores were 1.32±0.47 and 2.86±1.21 in the PASCAL laser and 2.39±0.49 and 5.75±1.35 in the conventional laser group, respectively. Differences between expressed pain scores obtained by both two scales were statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: PASCAL laser significantly alleviates pain levels possibly due to the shorter laser pulse duration and lower intensity. Keywords: Panretinal photocoagulation, PASCAL, pain

Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitude and Experience of Anesthesiologist About Nasotracheal Intubation: A Questionnaire Study

INTRODUCTION: Although the orotracheal intubation is frequentlyused in the operating room and intensive care, nasotracheal intubation is required for some specific surgeries. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the experience and the level of knowledge on nasotracheal intubation, and the rates of using new methods that facilitate nasotracheal intubation. METHODS: Datas were collected from the questionnaire forms that residents and specialists working in anesthesiology and reanimation clinics answered questions via face-to-face communication or e-mail. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographic data and the knowledge and experience of anesthesiologists about nasotracheal intubation. Number (percent) [n (%)] was used to summarize categorical variables. p<0.05 were considered significant in the study. RESULTS: 204 (93.58%) participants have nasotracheal intubation experience. The number of specialists and residents was equal in the study and the majority of the participants (70.6%, n = 144) were working in the training and research hospitals. The proportion of anesthesiologists who experienced difficult nasal intubation among the participants was 27.9% (n = 57). 21% of the anesthesiologists (n = 12) who with difficult nasotracheal intubations said that ‘I always use the videolaryngoscope'. 69% (49% always, 19.7% rarely) of the participants said that they used midazolam during awake nasotracheal intubation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Training programs should be prepared and repeated because of new airway devices and sedative agents in nasal airway management

Wpływ dystrybucji tkanki tłuszczowej oraz wybranych adipokin na insulinooporność w stanie przedcukrzycowym

  Introduction: The risk of developing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome is particularly high in central obesity. In this study we evaluated the effects of fat distribution and some adipokines on insulin resistance in prediabetic patients. Material and methods: Eighty-seven age- and sex-matched patients were divided into three groups according to their 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test results as follows: impaired fasting glucose group, impaired glucose tolerance group, and normal glucose tolerance group. Fasting insulin levels were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated. Body fat mass measurements were assessed by bioelectric impedance analyser and abdominal fat thicknesses (subcutaneous, visceral, and preperitoneal) by ultrasonography. The fasting serum levels of several adipokines [adiponectin, leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] were measured by ELISA method. Results: The mean body mass index, fat mass measurements, and abdominal fat thicknesses of the groups were similar. There were no differences between groups in terms of the mean fasting insulin, vaspin, RBP-4, leptin, resistin, and TNF-alpha. In comparison of the prediabetic and normal groups, the levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001) and visfatin (p < 0.001) were lower in the prediabetic group. Furthermore, we found that high body mass index (p < 0.01) and fat mass (p < 0.01) and low adiponectin (p < 0.05) levels have roles in the development of insulin resistance in the prediabetic group. Conclusions: We suggested that in the prediabetic period not only obesity but also decreased adiponectin levels play some role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (3): 277–282)    Wstęp: Ryzyko rozwoju insulinooporności i zespołu metabolicznego zwiększa się zwłaszcza u osób z otyłością centralną. W niniejszym badaniu oceniono wpływ dystrybucji tkanki tłuszczowej i wybranych adipokin na insulinooporność u osób ze stanem przedcukrzycowym. Materiał i metody: Osiemdziesięciu siedmiu chorych dobranych pod względem wieku I płci podzielono na 3 grupy w zależności od wyniku testu doustnego obciążenia 75 g glukozy: osoby z nieprawidłową glikemią na czczo, osoby z nieprawidłową tolerancją glukozy i osoby z prawidłową tolerancją glukozy. Zmierzono stężenie insulin na czczo. Do oszacowania insulinooporności zastosowano model homeostazy. Masę tkanki tłuszczowej oceniono za pomocą analizatora bioimpedancji elektrycznej, a grubość brzusznej tkanki tłuszczowej (podskórnej, trzewnej i przedotrzewnowej) zmierzono metodą ultrasonograficzną. Stężenie na czczo w surowicy kilku adipokin (adiponektyna, leptyna, rezystyna, waspina, wisfatyna, białko wiążące retinol-4 [RBP-4], czynnik martwicy nowotworów alfa [TNF-alfa]) zmierzono, stosując metodę ELISA. Wyniki: Średni wskaźnik masy ciała, masa tkanki tłuszczowej I grubość brzusznej tkanki tłuszczowej były podobne we wszystkich grupach. Nie stwierdzono różnic między grupami pod względem średniego stężenia insuliny na czczo ani stężeń waspiny, RBP-4, leptyny, rezystyny i TNF-alfa. W porównaniu grup ze stanem cukrzycowym i grupy z prawidłową tolerancją glukozy wykazano, że stężenia adiponektyny (p < 0,001) i wisfatyny (p < 0,001) były niższe u osób ze stanem przedcukrzycowym. Ponadto stwierdzono, że wysoki wskaźnik masy ciała (p < 0,01) i duża masa tkanki tłuszczowej (p < 0,01) oraz niskie stężenie adiponektyny (p < 0,05) przyczyniają się do rozwoju insulinooporności u osób ze stanem przedcukrzycowym. Wnioski: Autorzy sugerują, że nie tylko otyłość, ale również obniżenie stężenia adiponektyny odgrywają pewną rolę w patogenezie insulinooporności w okresie przedcukrzycowym. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (3): 277–282)

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns in an Obstetric Population

Introduction. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), occurring in 2–11% of pregnancies, is a major predisposition to the development of pyelonephritis, which is associated with obstetrical complications, such as preterm labor and low birth weight infants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ASB, the antibacterial susceptibilities of the isolated microorganisms and the associated risk factors in an outpatient clinical setting in Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Material and Methods. Between December 2009 and May 2010, pregnant women admitted to the antenatal outpatient clinic were included in this study. The results of a complete urine analysis, midstream urine culture and antibacterial susceptibility were evaluated. Results. Of the 2011 pregnant women included, 171 had ASB (8.5%). E. coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism (76.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (14.6%). Both microorganisms were highly sensitive to fosfomycin, sensivity being 99.2% for E. coli and 88% for Klebsiella pneumonia. Conclusions. In this certain geographical region, we found E. coli as the most common causative agent of ASB in the obstetric population and it is very sensitive to fosfomycin. We recommend fosfomycin for ASB in pregnant women due to its high sensitivity, ease of administration and safety for use in pregnancy

PASCAL laser platform produces less pain responses compared to conventional laser system during the panretinal photocoagulation: a randomized clinical trial

Background: Most of patients experience pain during the panretinal photocoagulation(PRP). Laser photocoagulation delivery has advanced with the introduction of pattern-scanning laser systems (PASCAL). Shorter pulse duration and less choroidal penetration believed to reduce pain during the laser treatment. Objectives: To compare the severity of expressed pain scores in patients with PDR who underwent PRP either with PASCAL laser or conventional laser. Methods: A total of 28 patients with a diagnosis of PDR who were scheduled for bilateral PRP therapy were enrolled into the prospective study. Both eyes were treated within the same session and while one eye was treated with PASCAL the other was treated with conventional laser randomly. Pulse duration was adjusted to 100-ms in conventional laser and 30 ms in PASCAL. The severity of pain was graded using a verbal scale and a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Mean age was 61.36\ub19.10 years. Mean verbal and VAS scores were 1.32\ub10.47 and 2.86\ub11.21 in the PASCAL laser and 2.39\ub10.49 and 5.75\ub11.35 in the conventional laser group, respectively. Differences between expressed pain scores obtained by both two scales were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: PASCAL laser significantly alleviates pain levels possibly due to the shorter laser pulse duration and lower intensity