Moderated mediation effect of team level power distance.

Moderated mediation effect of team level power distance.</p

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Descriptive statistics and correlations.

Descriptive statistics and correlations.</p

The theoretical model.

The theoretical model.</p

Direct effect and indirect effect analyses.

Direct effect and indirect effect analyses.</p

RAGE acted as a new anti-inflammatory target for Icariin’s treatment against vascular dementia based on network pharmacology-directed verification

Vascular dementia (VaD) ranks as the second most prevalent form of dementia and poses a considerable global health challenge. Icariin has been recognized for its robust neuroprotective effects in combating VaD. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. An integrated approach involving network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) was employed to systematically investigate the potential pharmacological actions of Icariin in counteracting VaD. The AGE/RAGE pathway was identified as a promising anti-inflammatory pathway. A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model was utilized to establish VaD. Both Icariin and FP S-ZM1 (a RAGE inhibitor) were administered through oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. The Morris water maze (MWZ) was used to evaluate cognitive functions. Moreover, immunofluorescence, RT-qP CR, and Western blot analyses were carried out to evaluate the effects of FP S-ZM1 on neuroinflammation. Network analysis identified 14 crucial targets and highlighted the AGE-RAGE signaling cascade in diabetic complications as the foremost KEGG pathway with potential anti-neuroinflammatory property. MDS results suggested a stable binding of the RAGE-Icariin complex. Remarkably, Icariin was found to effectively mitigate cognitive deficits in VaD mice, which was correlated with the upregulation of the P I3K/AKT pathway and downregulation of the JNK/cJUN signaling cascade. Critically, co-administration of FP S-ZM1 enhanced Icariin’s ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits, owing to bolstered anti-neuroinflammatory action. This study unveils the potential of Icariin in alleviating cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in VaD, which may be attributed to the modulation of the AGE/RAGE pathway. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p

Flow chart of sampling stages.

<p>*Households were used as the primary sampling unit.</p

Descriptive statistics of PTSD, quality of life, and physical diseases among participants from hard-hit and less-hit areas.

<p>Descriptive statistics of PTSD, quality of life, and physical diseases among participants from hard-hit and less-hit areas.</p

Experimental Study on the Associations Among Sketches Based on Design Cognition

This study aimed to investigate the generation mechanism of pairwise associated sketches and different associated types through the experimental analysis of the cognitive processes of the designers in conceptual design process. The verbal protocol analysis (VPA) was carried out on three groups of participants (designers). The first group consisted of eight university students majoring in industrial design, the second consisted of eight university students majoring in mechanical design, and the third consisted of six product designers with degrees in industrial design and over 5 years of work experience. Their cognitive processes revealed by the think-aloud protocol and outcome sketches during a specific design task were recorded. Following a content-oriented encoding scheme, the verbal data were encoded into cognitive actions, and according to the generation sequence of the sketches, the encoding results were postprocessed for the further analysis of associated sketches. First, we identified which cognitive actions played important roles in the generation of associated sketches. Next, based on the encoding results and the analyses of all associated sketches, we found that all associations can be categorized into three types (in order from low to high association levels): shape association, behavior association, and function association. Finally, we found that the differences in major background had no significant effect on the number of associated sketches but did have some influence on the diversity of association types, the differences in experience background mainly influenced the number of associated sketches in each type of association. Meanwhile, by analyzing the key cognitive actions, we also found the advantages and disadvantages of each group in the generation of different types of associations. The findings of this study can help designers with different backgrounds to choose suitable strategies to stimulate the important actions at the right time, conceive appropriate association types, and ultimately generate diverse concept sketches with high quality

Multiple linear regression analysis to predict scores of the subscales and domains of the SF-12 three years after the earthquake.

*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.01;</p><p>– no significant.</p