2,779 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Children's learning from contrast modelling
This study investigates the effectiveness of immediately modelling the correct solution to a task on which children were making errors. The technique is based on proposals by Saxton (1997) who, in his contrast theory of negative input, claims that corrective speech input is particularly effective when it immediately follows a child's error, such as an overgeneralisation of a verb ending. Our study concerns a very different domain, that of children learning to balance beams on a fulcrum, but one in which children also tend to overgeneralise a particular strategy. On a pre-test on the balance beam task, we identified a number of children (N = 79, mean age = 74.82 months) who were making errors. These children were randomly assigned to two groups and either (a) watched the correct solution being modelled by an adult, or (b) saw the correct solution being modelled by an adult immediately after their own error. The latter, contrast modelling, condition produced a significantly higher number of children who had improved at the task at post-test. The implications of these findings for general models of development are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe
Recommended from our members
A microgenetic analysis of the relationship between speech and gesture in children: Evidence for semantic and temporal asynchrony
Original article can be found at: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713683153 Copyright Informa / Taylor and Francis Group DOI : 10.1080/01690960600630881We present a microgenetic analysis of the gestures that children produce as they talk about a balance task. Children gesture spontaneously on this task and here their hand gestures are considered in relation to the accompanying speech. By close examination of 21 children's single sessions, and the 163 iconic gestures they produced (a mean of 7.6 gestures per child), it was found that gestures are rarely produced without speech. However, one third of the gestures the children produced conveyed different information to that expressed in their spoken explanations. Furthermore, children were found to convey information uniquely in gesture by expressing ideas in the manual modality that did not appear in their spoken explanations. Finally, in many cases children expressed an idea in gesture before they talked about it. These data suggest that gestures are integrally linked to the child's thinking and are an important and illuminating means of externalising cognition.Peer reviewe
Relationships between children's sugar consumption at home and their food choices and consumption at school lunch
Mass customization of teaching and learning in organizations
In search of methods that improve the efficiency of teaching and training in organizations, several authors point out that mass customization (MC) is a principle that covers individual needs of knowledge and skills and, at the same time, limits the development costs of customized training to those of mass training. MC is proven and established in the economic sector, and shows high potential for continuing education, too. The paper explores this potential and proposes a multidisciplinary, pragmatic approach to teaching and training in organizations. The first section of the paper formulates four design principles of MC deduced from an examination of economics literature. The second section presents amit™, a frame for mass customized training, designed according to the principles presented in the first section. The evaluation results encourage the further development and use of mass customized training in continuing education, and offer suggestions for future research
Rational approximation of the Ernst equation for dual angle R1 mapping revisited: Beyond the small flip-angle assumption
Parents’ Perception of Overweight in Relation to Child Mood and Disordered Eating
Parental perception of their child’s weight may impact child’s psychological functioning; however, there is a dearth of literature examining this relationship. Data suggest that parental concern with child’s overweight may be related to child distress and/or disordered eating. Yet, it is unknown if parents’ perception of teens’ overweight relates to child functioning. We examined 113 adolescent (12-17y; 14.4 ± 1.6) boys and girls (53% girls) with overweight or obesity (BMIz 2.0 ± .45) and their parents. Youth self-identified as 53% Caucasian or White, 27% Black or African American, 3.5% Asian, and 16.5% multiple races, unknown, or other. Parents reported on their perception of their child’s overweight as either “somewhat/sometimes true” and “very/often true.” Teens reported on their symptoms of anxiety and depression and whether they had experienced loss-of-control eating in the past month. T-tests and Chi Square analyses were used to analyze child factors based on parent perceptions. Compared to parents who reported “somewhat/sometimes true” (n = 51), parents who reported “very/often true” (n = 62), had children with significantly higher anxiety (p = .048) and higher likelihood of reporting loss-of-control eating in the past month (p = .039). There were no differences in symptoms of depression. Including sex, race, and BMIz as covariates did not alter findings. In summary, youth whose parents perceive their children as more definitively overweight are more likely to report symptoms of anxiety and disordered eating. Further data are needed to determine if parental perception is related to their adolescent child’s overall well-being
Multispeckle diffusing-wave spectroscopy: a tool to study slow relaxation and time-dependent dynamics
A multispeckle technique for efficiently measuring correctly
ensemble-averaged intensity autocorrelation functions of scattered light from
non-ergodic and/or non-stationary systems is described.
The method employs a CCD camera as a multispeckle light detector and a
computer-based correlator, and permits the simultaneous calculation of up to
500 correlation functions, where each correlation function is started at a
different time.
The correlation functions are calculated in real time and are referenced to a
unique starting time.
The multispeckle nature of the CCD camera detector means that a true ensemble
average is calculated; no time averaging is necessary.
The technique thus provides a "snapshot" of the dynamics, making it
particularly useful for non-stationary systems where the dynamics are changing
with time.
Delay times spanning the range from 1 ms to 1000 s are readily achieved with
this method.
The technique is demonstrated in the multiple scattering limit where
diffusing-wave spectroscopy theory applies.
The technique can also be combined with a recently-developed two-cell
technique that can measure faster decay times.
The combined technique can measure delay times from 10 ns to 1000 s.
The method is peculiarly well suited for studying aging processes in soft
glassy materials, which exhibit both short and long relaxation times,
non-ergodic dynamics, and slowly-evolving transient behavior.Comment: 11 pages 13 figures Accepted in Review of Scientific Instrument (june
02
- …