Initial resuscitation and infection issues in a resource-limited setting.

<p>Initial resuscitation and infection issues in a resource-limited setting.</p

Diagnostic criteria used for organ dysfunction.

<p>Criteria were from the literature <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029858#pone.0029858-Bone1" target="_blank">[1]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029858#pone.0029858-Levy1" target="_blank">[2]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029858#pone.0029858-Goldstein1" target="_blank">[27]</a> to fit the available data. Acute oliguria was determined from 24-hour urine because hourly urine output was infrequently monitored. Diagnostic criteria of arterial hypoxaemia (PaO₂/FiO₂<300), ileus, and clinical signs of tissue hypoperfusion (decrease capillary refill or mottling) were not used as data were not recorded in the patient records. Laboratory testing for lactate level was not available in the hospital. The Glasgow Coma Score was not documented in patient records.</p

Other supportive therapy in a resource-limited setting.

<p>Other supportive therapy in a resource-limited setting.</p

Management and outcome of 72 patients with severe sepsis.

<p>When not shown the patient denominator is 72. Where the denominator differs from this for a particular question, these are shown.</p

Study flow diagram.

<p>Study flow diagram.</p

Hemodynamic support and adjunctive therapy of severe sepsis in a resource-limited setting.

<p>Hemodynamic support and adjunctive therapy of severe sepsis in a resource-limited setting.</p

Table_1_The hidden financial catastrophe of chronic kidney disease under universal coverage and Thai “Peritoneal Dialysis First Policy”.DOCX

ObjectiveUniversal health coverage can decrease the magnitude of the individual patient's financial burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the residual financial hardship from the patients' perspective has not been well-studied in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to evaluate the residual financial burden in patients with CKD stage 3 to dialysis in the “PD First Policy” under Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS) in Thailand.MethodsThis multicenter nationwide cross-sectional study in Thailand enrolled 1,224 patients with pre-dialysis CKD, hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) covered by UCS and other health schemes for employees and civil servants. We interviewed patients to estimate the proportion with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and medical impoverishment. The risk factors associated with CHE were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsUnder UCS, the total out-of-pocket expenditure in HD was over two times higher than PD and nearly six times higher than CKD stages 3–4. HD suffered significantly more CHE and medical impoverishment than PD and pre-dialysis CKD [CHE: 8.5, 9.3, 19.5, 50.0% (p ConclusionsDespite universal coverage, the residual financial burden remained high in patients with kidney failure. CHE was considerably lower in PD than HD, although the rates remained alarmingly high in the poor. The “PD First' program” could serve as a model for other LMICs. However, strategies to minimize financial distress should be further developed, especially for the poor.</p

Kaplan-Meier curves comparing patient survival according to different types of fungal peritonitis.

Kaplan-Meier curves comparing patient survival according to different types of fungal peritonitis.</p

Factors associated with mortality in patients with fungal peritonitis using univariable and multivariate analyses.

Factors associated with mortality in patients with fungal peritonitis using univariable and multivariate analyses.</p

Sensitivity analyses of duration of antifungal therapies and mortality among patients with fungal peritonitis using univariable and multivariate analyses.

(DOCX)</p