The <i>in vitro</i> kinetic parameters of <i>E. equisetina</i> extract removing cyanobacteria (<i>M. aeruginosa</i>) from eutrophic water.

*<p>One-way ANOVA was performed for each treatment. <i>w</i> represents the rate constant for the applied <i>E. equisetina</i> extract dose. <i>p</i> values were determined using one-way ANOVA. Half-life  =  (ln (2))/<i>w</i>.</p

The growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> A) exposed to sterilized <i>E. equisetina</i> extract and B) pre-treated with strong illumination.

<p>The growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> A) exposed to sterilized <i>E. equisetina</i> extract and B) pre-treated with strong illumination.</p

The growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> as expressed by chlorophyll-a concentration in the control and treatment groups of 10 µg, 25 µg, 50 µg and 75 µg aqueous <i>E. equisetina</i> extracts per 200 mL plotted as exponential regression curves against time.

<p>The growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> as expressed by chlorophyll-a concentration in the control and treatment groups of 10 µg, 25 µg, 50 µg and 75 µg aqueous <i>E. equisetina</i> extracts per 200 mL plotted as exponential regression curves against time.</p

Comparison of results of the A) survival rates and B) fish yields between the pond treated with <i>E. equisetina</i> extract and the control.

<p>Comparison of results of the A) survival rates and B) fish yields between the pond treated with <i>E. equisetina</i> extract and the control.</p

The nutrient concentrations in the control and treated (<i>E. equisetina</i> extracts) ponds during the experiment (n = 12).

<p>The nutrient concentrations in the control and treated (<i>E. equisetina</i> extracts) ponds during the experiment (n = 12).</p

The Simpson diversity indices for macrophytes and zooplankton, and the Shannon-Weaver bacterial diversity indices (based on flaA gene) in each pond at the end of the experiment (average index ± standard error).

<p>The Simpson diversity indices for macrophytes and zooplankton, and the Shannon-Weaver bacterial diversity indices (based on flaA gene) in each pond at the end of the experiment (average index ± standard error).</p

The reduction of cyanobacterial blooms using <i>E. equisetina</i> extract in an experimental versus control pond from April to June, 2008.

<p>The reduction of cyanobacterial blooms using <i>E. equisetina</i> extract in an experimental versus control pond from April to June, 2008.</p

Changes of A) effective quantum yields and B) electronic transport rates in PS II reaction centers of cyanobacterial (<i>M. aeruginosa</i>) cells when exposed to <i>E. equisetina</i> extracts.

<p>Changes of A) effective quantum yields and B) electronic transport rates in PS II reaction centers of cyanobacterial (<i>M. aeruginosa</i>) cells when exposed to <i>E. equisetina</i> extracts.</p

Cell structure of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> in A) the control, B)after contact with <i>E. equisetina</i> extract at a dose of 25 µg for 4 days, and C) after contact with <i>E. equisetina</i> extract at a dose of 50 µg for 6 days.

<p>Cell structure of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> in A) the control, B)after contact with <i>E. equisetina</i> extract at a dose of 25 µg for 4 days, and C) after contact with <i>E. equisetina</i> extract at a dose of 50 µg for 6 days.</p