Appendix A. Plots sampled to construct stand structure and fire history in the Sierra San Luis, northern Sonora, Mexico.

Plots sampled to construct stand structure and fire history in the Sierra San Luis, northern Sonora, Mexico

Appendix C. Examples of age structure distribution for three different plots that demonstrate (a) uneven age structure, (b) a flat even-age cohort establishing around 1900, and (c) a flat even-age cohort establishing around 1950.

Examples of age structure distribution for three different plots that demonstrate (a) uneven age structure, (b) a flat even-age cohort establishing around 1900, and (c) a flat even-age cohort establishing around 1950

Appendix B. Scaling relationships for predicting diameter at breast height (dbh) from measurements of diameter sample height (dsh, 10 cm) for remnant wood.

Scaling relationships for predicting diameter at breast height (dbh) from measurements of diameter sample height (dsh, 10 cm) for remnant wood

Comparisons of the intrumental, reconstructed (this study) and Gry et al. (2004) reconstructed AMO index on annual and 11-year moving average basis.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Annual comparison of instrumental AMO index <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0022740#pone.0022740-Enfield1" target="_blank">[4]</a> (blue line), the reconstructed proxy series from this study (black line), and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0022740#pone.0022740-Gray1" target="_blank">[20]</a> tree-ring based AMO reconstruction (red line). (<b>B–D</b>) The above three records smoothed with an 11-year low-pass filter. Red and blue shaded areas represent warm and cold AMO phases respectively. All series (A–D) were normalized by their means and standard deviations. (<b>E</b>) Sample depth in number of cores for the six tree-ring width chronologies.</p

Multi-taper method spectrums for this proxy series from 1564–2007 (A) and the tree-ring AMO reconstruction from Atlantic rim [<b>20</b>] (B).

<p>Significance was tested at three levels (99%, 95% and 90%) against a red-noise background. Digital values are the significant periods at 99% confidence level.</p

Map of correlation between annual mean precipitable water and annual AMO index (1948–2007) across northeast Asia.

<p>Country boundaries for Russia, Mongolia, and northeast China are shown on the map. It is plotted by the NOAA/ESRL Physical Science Division, Boulder Colorado (<a href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov" target="_blank">http://www.esrl.noaa.gov</a>). Letters on the map represent different tree-ring sampling sites: <b>A</b> – Zhigansk, <b>B</b> –Khotugn, <b>C</b> – Tschita, <b>D</b> – Taksimo, <b>E</b> – Mangui, <b>F</b> – Mengkeshan. Triangles, circles, and squares represent sampling sites, PDSI points, and weather stations, respectively. Differents colors represent different correlation coefficients marked as the legend at the bottom of the map. The figure on a contour represents the correlation coefficient of this contour.</p

Site information and general statistics of six Scots pine tree-ring chronologies in northeast Asia.

<p>Notes: MS-Mean sensitivity; SD-Standard deviation; AC1-Autocorrelation order 1; MC-Mean correlation; SNR-Signal-to-noise ratio; EPS-Expressed population signal; VFE-Variance in first eigenvector.</p

Cross correlation between the tree-ring record from northeast Asia and Gray et al. (2004) AMO reconstruction.

<p>Blue horizontal line represents a 95% significance level tested by Pearson correlation analysis.</p

Comparison of PDSI for the warm and cold AMO phases at six nearby sampling sites.

<p>Comparison of PDSI for the warm and cold AMO phases at six nearby sampling sites.</p

Correlation coefficients of monthly AMO index and six tree-ring chronologies (1856–2007).

<p>Notes: Bolded values for significance at the 95% confidence level as tested by Pearson correlation.</p