Convenient Access to Bicyclic and Tricyclic Diazenes

Heating the tosylhydrazone of an ω-alkenyl ketone or aldehyde to reflux in toluene in the presence of K2CO3 delivered the bicyclic diazene. Irradiation of the diazene converted it to the cyclopropane. This appears to be a generally useful method for the construction of substituted cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes

Convenient Access to Bicyclic and Tricyclic Diazenes

Heating the tosylhydrazone of an ω-alkenyl ketone or aldehyde to reflux in toluene in the presence of K2CO3 delivered the bicyclic diazene. Irradiation of the diazene converted it to the cyclopropane. This appears to be a generally useful method for the construction of substituted cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes

Intramolecular [1 + 4 + 1] Cycloaddition: Establishment of the Method

Structurally complex and physiologically active natural products often include bicyclic and polycyclic ring systems having defined relative and absolute configuration. Approaches that allow the construction of more than one carbocyclic ring at a time have proven valuable, in particular those that allow at the same time the control of an array of new stereogenic centers. One of the most general and most widely used protocols has been the intramolecular Diels−Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition, in which a single stereogenic center between the diene and the dienophile can control the relative and absolute configuration of the product. We report a two-step [1 + 4 + 1] procedure for bicyclic and polycyclic construction, based on the cyclization of an ω-dienyl ketone. This is complementary to, and will likely be as useful as, the intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition

Descriptive and Correlation Statistics of Trait Resilience, Virtues, PTSD, PTG, and Trauma Frequency (<i>N</i> = 95).

<p>* <i>p</i> < 0.05;</p><p>** <i>p</i> < 0.01.</p><p>Descriptive and Correlation Statistics of Trait Resilience, Virtues, PTSD, PTG, and Trauma Frequency (<i>N</i> = 95).</p

Relationships among Trait Resilience, Virtues, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, and Post-traumatic Growth

<div><p>The present study aims to examine the relationship between trait resilience and virtues in the context of trauma. A total of 537 participants who attended the preliminary investigation and completed the Life Events Checklist were screened. Of these participants, 142 suffered from personal traumatic experiences in the past year; these individuals were qualified and invited to respond to online questionnaires to assess trait resilience, virtues (i.e., Conscientiousness, Vitality, and Relationship), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and post-traumatic growth (PTG). The following questionnaires were used: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-Revised, Chinese Virtues Questionnaire, PTSD Checklist-Specific, and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Chinese. Only 95 participants who manifested self-reported PTSD symptoms and PTG were involved in the current analyses. Trauma was positively and significantly correlated with PTSD in the current sample. Results indicated that trait resilience was positively associated with virtues and PTG; by contrast, PTSD scores were negatively but not significantly related to most of these factors. The three virtues contributed to PTG to a greater extent than trait resilience in non-PTSD and PTSD groups. However, trait resilience remained a significant predictor in the PTSD group even when the three virtues were controlled. The relationship between trait resilience and PTG was moderated by PTSD type (non-PTSD group vs. PTSD group). Our results further suggested that trait resilience and virtues were conceptually related but functionally different constructs. Trait resilience and virtues are positively related; thus, these factors contributed variances to PTG in the context of trauma; however, trait resilience is only manifested when virtues are controlled and when individuals are diagnosed as PTSD. Furthermore, implications and limitations of this study are discussed.</p></div

Interaction Effect between Trait Resilience and PTSD Groups on PTG.

<p>Interaction Effect between Trait Resilience and PTSD Groups on PTG.</p

Demographic and Sample Characteristics (<i>N</i> = 95).

<p>Note: None of the participants identified four other kinds of trauma, including combat or exposure to a war zone (in the military or as a civilian), captivity (being kidnapped, abducted, held hostage, prisoner of war), severe human suffering, and sudden, violent death (homicide, suicide).</p><p>Demographic and Sample Characteristics (<i>N</i> = 95).</p

C–H Bonds as Ubiquitous Functionality: Preparation of Multiple Regioisomers of Arylated 1,2,4-Triazoles via C–H Arylation

We describe a general approach for the synthesis of complex aryl 1,2,4-triazoles. The electronic character of the C–H bonds and the triazole ring allows for the regioselective C–H arylation of 1-alkyl- and 4-alkyltriazoles under catalytic conditions. We have also developed the SEM and THP switch as well as trans-<i>N</i>-alkylation, which enable sequential arylation of the triazole ring to prepare 3,5-diaryltriazoles. This new strategy provides rapid access to a variety of arylated 1,2,4-triazoles and well complements existing cyclization methods

Conjugate Addition of Lithiated Methyl Pyridines to Enones

Preparatively useful conjugate addition of lithiated methyl pyridines to cyclic and acyclic enones is reported. Addition of 2-picoline to 3-penten-2-one led to a concise synthesis of the alkaloids (±)-senepodine G and (±)-cermizine C

Moderation Effect Analysis of PTSD Group Based on PROCESS (<i>N</i> = 95).

<p>Note: PTSD group refers to the dichotomous variable, namely, the non-PTSD group (0) and the PTSD group (1); dependent variable is post-traumatic growth (Y).</p><p>Moderation Effect Analysis of PTSD Group Based on PROCESS (<i>N</i> = 95).</p