Data for: Structural synthesis of Assur groups with up to 12 links and creation of their classified databases

All synthesized Assur groups with 2-12 links are collected and listed in the PDF file

sj-pdf-1-asr-10.1177_00031224231212679 – Supplemental material for Rooted America: Immobility and Segregation of the Intercounty Migration Network

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-asr-10.1177_00031224231212679 for Rooted America: Immobility and Segregation of the Intercounty Migration Network by Peng Huang and Carter T. Butts in American Sociological Review</p

Practical security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with reduced optical attenuation

In a practical CVQKD system, the optical attenuator can adjust the Gaussian-modulated coherent states and the local oscillator signal to an optimal value for guaranteeing the security of the system and optimizing the performance of the system. However, the performance of the optical attenuator may deteriorate due to the intentional and unintentional damage of the device. In this paper, we investigate the practical security of a CVQKD system with reduced optical attenuation. We find that the secret key rate of the system may be overestimated based on the investigation of parameter estimation under the effects of reduced optical attenuation. This opens a security loophole for Eve to successfully perform an intercept-resend attack in a practical CVQKD system. To close this loophole, we add an optical fuse at Alice's output port and design a scheme to monitor the level of optical attenuation in real time, which can make the secret key rate of the system evaluated precisely. The analysis shows that these countermeasures can effectively resist this potential attack

Security analysis of practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems under laser seeding attack

Here, we investigate the security of the practical one-way CVQKD and CV-MDI-QKD systems under laser seeding attack. In particular, Eve can inject a suitable light into the laser diodes of the light source modules in the two kinds of practical CVQKD systems, which results in the increased intensity of the generated optical signal. The parameter estimation under the attack shows that the secret key rates of these two schemes may be overestimated, which opens a security loophole for Eve to successfully perform an intercept-resend attack on these systems. To close this loophole, we propose a real-time monitoring scheme to precisely evaluate the secret key rates of these schemes. The analysis results indicate the implementation of the proposed monitoring scheme can effectively resist this potential attack

Supplementary document for Feasibility of continuous-variable quantum key distribution through fog - 5520278.pdf

Supplemental documen

Bi-Loaded Cu Hollow Microtube Electrodes for N₂ Electroreduction

The long-term goal of electrochemical ammonia (NH3) synthesis under ambient conditions is to replace the Haber–Bosch process. One of the biggest challenges in this field is that the NN triple bond is too stable to be activated. Therefore, most research is mainly focused on the development of advanced electrocatalysts to address this challenge. However, the extremely low solubility and slow diffusion of N2 molecules in aqueous electrolytes are usually overlooked. Here, the Bi-loaded Cu hollow microtube with a porous structure is reported as the gas diffusion electrode for N2 electroreduction. Compared with the conventional planar electrode configurations, the hollow gas diffusion electrode (HGDE) possesses unique advantages in breaking through the mass transfer limit of low-solubility gases. It can also provide abundant electrochemically active sites due to its porous structure, forming a gas–liquid–solid three-phase interface that is conducive to electrocatalytic reactions. Besides, the adjustable N2/H3O+ at the three-phase interface can further help enhance the reaction activity and selectivity. As a result, the Bi-loaded Cu HGDE exhibits an NH3 yield of 4.6 μg h–1 cm–2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 5.8% at −0.4 V (vs RHE, reversible hydrogen electrode). This study may stimulate interest in optimizing the electrode structure and developing types of electrodes for efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis

Bi-Loaded Cu Hollow Microtube Electrodes for N₂ Electroreduction

The long-term goal of electrochemical ammonia (NH3) synthesis under ambient conditions is to replace the Haber–Bosch process. One of the biggest challenges in this field is that the NN triple bond is too stable to be activated. Therefore, most research is mainly focused on the development of advanced electrocatalysts to address this challenge. However, the extremely low solubility and slow diffusion of N2 molecules in aqueous electrolytes are usually overlooked. Here, the Bi-loaded Cu hollow microtube with a porous structure is reported as the gas diffusion electrode for N2 electroreduction. Compared with the conventional planar electrode configurations, the hollow gas diffusion electrode (HGDE) possesses unique advantages in breaking through the mass transfer limit of low-solubility gases. It can also provide abundant electrochemically active sites due to its porous structure, forming a gas–liquid–solid three-phase interface that is conducive to electrocatalytic reactions. Besides, the adjustable N2/H3O+ at the three-phase interface can further help enhance the reaction activity and selectivity. As a result, the Bi-loaded Cu HGDE exhibits an NH3 yield of 4.6 μg h–1 cm–2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 5.8% at −0.4 V (vs RHE, reversible hydrogen electrode). This study may stimulate interest in optimizing the electrode structure and developing types of electrodes for efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis

Bi-Loaded Cu Hollow Microtube Electrodes for N₂ Electroreduction

The long-term goal of electrochemical ammonia (NH3) synthesis under ambient conditions is to replace the Haber–Bosch process. One of the biggest challenges in this field is that the NN triple bond is too stable to be activated. Therefore, most research is mainly focused on the development of advanced electrocatalysts to address this challenge. However, the extremely low solubility and slow diffusion of N2 molecules in aqueous electrolytes are usually overlooked. Here, the Bi-loaded Cu hollow microtube with a porous structure is reported as the gas diffusion electrode for N2 electroreduction. Compared with the conventional planar electrode configurations, the hollow gas diffusion electrode (HGDE) possesses unique advantages in breaking through the mass transfer limit of low-solubility gases. It can also provide abundant electrochemically active sites due to its porous structure, forming a gas–liquid–solid three-phase interface that is conducive to electrocatalytic reactions. Besides, the adjustable N2/H3O+ at the three-phase interface can further help enhance the reaction activity and selectivity. As a result, the Bi-loaded Cu HGDE exhibits an NH3 yield of 4.6 μg h–1 cm–2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 5.8% at −0.4 V (vs RHE, reversible hydrogen electrode). This study may stimulate interest in optimizing the electrode structure and developing types of electrodes for efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis

Observation of parity-time symmetry in electrically pumped FP laser

Parity-time (PT) symmetry is a new method to get single mode operation in lasers, mostly, micro-ring lasers. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an electrically pumped PT symmetric Fabry-Perot (FP) laser which can work with a mode selection. The proposed laser could achieve the PT symmetric condition by an electrical manipulation of the interplay between gain and loss in two FP resonators. The single mode lasing is demonstrated at 1574.6nm with a 20.81dB sidemode suppression ratio

[5C + 1N] Annulations: Two Novel Routes to Substituted Dihydrofuro[3,2‑<i>c</i>]pyridines

Two novel routes based on [5C + 1N] annulations for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-<i>c</i>]pyridines are described. Ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) is used as an ammonia source in both routes. The first route utilizes 1-acyl-1-[(dimethylamino)alkenoyl]cyclopropanes as a five-carbon 1,5-bielectrophilic species and combines the [5C + 1N] annulation and regioselective ring-enlargement of cyclopropyl ketone into one pot, whereas the second route utilizes 3-acyl-2-[(dimethylamino)alkenyl]-4,5-dihydrofurans as the five-carbon synthons, which involves a sequential intermolecular aza-addition, intramolecular aza-nucleophilic addition/elimination, and dehydration reaction