Additional file 1 of Association between uveitis onset and economic development in mainland China

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. GDP-mediated temperature-uveitis relationship. The effect of variation in temperature on the number of uveitis cases when climate models contain an interaction-per capita GDP. The dots are point estimates of the effect of monthly temperature on monthly uveitis cases; the lines are 95% CI. Table S1. The proportion of patients with different uveitis subtypes in Mainland China by provinces, 2006-2017. Table S2. Associations of uveitis onset with GDP per capita*. Table S3. Per capita GDP-mediated 2.5–uveitis relationship

Effect of IL-17A, IL-17F or IL-22 on the distribution of junction proteins in ARPE-19 monolayer.

<p>Cells were incubated with or without 50 ng/ml IL-17A, IL-17F or IL-22 for 6 days, then fixed and immunolabeled with ZO-1 or occludin. Immunostaining for ZO-1 and occludin in untreated or IL-22-treated ARPE-19 monolayer showed a continuous labeling in the region of cell-cell contact. Incubation with IL-17A or IL-17F caused a marked disruption of ZO-1 and occludin staining. The immunostaining shown is representative of three independent experiments. Scale bar  = 15 µm.</p

Effect of IL-17A, IL-17F or IL-22 on transepithelial diffusion rate of FITC-dextran in ARPE-19 monolayer.

<p>Stimulation of ARPE-19 monolayer with 50 ng/ml IL-17A, IL-17F or IL-22 for 6 days induced a higher FITC-dextran diffusion rate at 24 hours compared with the control group. A diffusion percentage approaching 100% indicates that the amount of dextran-FITC in the upper and lower chamber approaches the same values. IL-22 had no effect on diffusion rate. Data were shown as the means±SEM of four independent experiments. *<i>p</i><0.05 versus the control group.</p

Global Research Status Regarding Uveitis in the Last Decade

To provide an overview on global uveitis research in the last decade in terms of countries/regions, organizations, scholars, journals, trending topics, and fundings. This cross-sectional bibliometric analysis yielded 10656 uveitis publications in English for subsequent bibliometric analysis. In terms of the number of publications, the leading country/region was the USA (3007). The most productive organization was the University College London (420). The most productive research team was Professor Yang’s group (146). A higher h-index was noted in University College London (48). Professor Rosenbaum was the first h-index holder (32). Keywords of interest included topics such as biologics, COVID and OCT. Publications by Ocular Immunology and Inflammation (968) ranked the first position. The USA is the leading force in uveitis study. Asian countries/regions, such as China (mainland) and India, are exerting a substantial role worldwide. Trendy topics cover COVID-19, OCTA.</p

Expression of IL-22R and IL-17RC in ARPE-19 cells.

<p>(A) Coexpression of IL-22R and IL-17RC in ARPE-19 cells was shown by immunocytochemistry. Scale bar  = 75 µm. (B) Western blot revealed that ARPE-19 cells expressed only IL-17RC. However, PBMCs expressed both IL-17RA and IL-17RC.</p

Revealing Academic Evolution and Frontier Pattern in the Field of Uveitis Using Bibliometric Analysis, Natural Language Processing, and Machine Learning

Numerous uveitis articles were published in this century, underneath which hides valuable intelligence. We aimed to characterize the evolution and patterns in this field. We divided the 15,994 uveitis papers into four consecutive time periods for bibliometric analysis, and applied latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling and machine learning techniques to the latest period.  The yearly publication pattern fitted the curve: 1.21335x2 − 4,848.95282x + 4,844,935.58876 (R2 = 0.98311). The USA, the most productive country/region, focused on topics like ankylosing spondylitis and biologic therapy, whereas China (mainland) focused on topics like OCT and Behcet disease. The logistic regression showed the highest accuracy (71.6%) in the test set. In this century, a growing number of countries/regions/authors/journals are involved in the uveitis study, promoting the scientific output and thematic evolution. Our pioneering study uncovers the evolving academic trends and frontier patterns in this field using bibliometric analysis and AI algorithms.</p

IL-17A and IL-17F but not IL-22 promoted chemokines and IL-6 production in ARPE-19 cells.

<p>Confluent ARPE-19 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of IL-17A, IL-17F or IL-22 as indicated. After 24 hours of incubation, protein concentrations of CXCL8, CCL2, CCL20 and IL-6 released into the supernatants were measured by ELISA. Data were shown as the means±SEM of four independent experiments. **<i>p</i><0.01 versus the control group.</p

The inhibitory effect of IRAK1/4 inhibitor on the proliferation of CD4⁺T cells purified from PBMCs obtained from active VKH patients (n = 10) and normal controls (n = 11).

<p>Cells were cultured with IRAK1/4 inhibitor (50 nM) in the presence of IL-18 (100 ng/ml) or IL-1β (20 ng/ml) for 3 days. Anti-CD3 mAb (0.5 μg/ml) and anti-CD28 mAb (0.1 μg/ml) were added to the culture system at the same time. Proliferation of cultured CD4⁺T cells was tested by a modified MTT assay. Results are expressed as means ± SD.</p

The expression of IL-9 in the EAU mice and the control mice.

<p>Splenocytes and DLN cells, obtained from the EAU mice (inflammatory phase and recovery phase) or control mice (n = 5 per group), were activated with anti-CD3/D28 (1 µg/ml) (A) or IRBP_161–180 (20 µg/ml) (B) for 3 days. IL-9 was analyzed by ELISA. Splenocytes (C) and DLN cells (D), obtained from the immunized mice on indicated time points, were stimulated with IRBP_161–180 (20 µg/ml) for 3 days, and the supernatants were collected for measuring IL-9, IL-17 and IFN-γ. Data are representative of three independent experiments. ND: not detected.</p