6 research outputs found

    A non-encapsulated mutant of <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> is defective in weight loss, diarrhea, and shedding of organism in stool. Panel A.

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    <p>Weights following infection with either wildtype or 81–176 <i>kpsM</i> in dZD C57Bl/6J male mice. * WT vs <i>kpsM</i>, P<0.05. Diarrhea noted by D. <b>Panel B.</b> qPCR detection of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (<i>cadF</i>) following infection in dZD mice. * WT vs <i>kpsM</i>, P<0.05. (N = 4/group).</p

    Metabolic perturbations induced by <i>Campylobacter</i> infection.

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    <p>Heatmap of the significant metabolic perturbations induced by C.jejuni infection identified by OPLS-DA models. Metabolic shifts are represented as correlation coefficients (r) of infected mice at days 4, 5 and 9 post infection versus diet and age-matched uninfected animals. Red and blue colors indicate increased or decreased excretion of metabolites following C.jejuni challenge respectively. Abbreviations: 2-OIV, 2-oxoisovalerate; 2-OIC, 2-oxoisocaproate; 2-MOV, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate; 2-PY, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; 4-CG; 4-cresol glucuronide; 4-CS, 4-cresyl sulfate; 4-HPA, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate; 4-HPPA, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate; 4-PY, N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide; DMA, dimethylamine; GAA guanidinoacetate; NAG, N-acetyl glutamine; NMND, N-methylnicotinamide; PAG, phenylacetylglycine; TMA, trimethylamine; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide.</p

    Prolonged weight loss following <i>Campylobacter</i> infection.

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    <p><b>Panel A.</b> Mice fed either HC, or dPD had transient weight loss following infection, but dZD-fed infected mice had significant weight loss (* dZD infected vs uninfected days 2–14 post infection; P<0.001). While mice on dPD showed weight loss with no diarrhea, mice on HC had non-bloody soft stools on days 1–3 post infection, and mice on dZD had persistent bloody diarrhea on days 2–11 post infection. <b>Panel B.</b> Increasing <i>Campylobacter</i> detected in stool for the duration of the experiment (* dZD infected vs HC or dPD infected days 7&11 post infection; P<0.0001). <b>Panel C.</b> Images of stool following <i>Campylobacter</i> infection. Stool collected from HC (images from day 1 and 3 post infection) and dZD fed mice progressed from soft to bloody diarrhea by day 3 post infection (images from day 3 and 7 post infection). (N = 8/group).</p

    Inflammatory biomarkers following <i>Campylobacter</i> infection.

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    <p>The inflammatory biomarkers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) were measured in cecal contents of antibiotic pretreated mice. LCN-2 was significantly elevated in dZD <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> infected mice on both day 2 and 14 post infection, * dZD infected vs dZD uninfected; P<0.05. MPO was also significantly increased in dZD-fed infected mice on both day 2 and 14 post infection, ** dZD infected vs dZD uninfected; P<0.01.</p

    Correlations between urinary metabolites and inflammatory biomarkers.

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    <p> Spearman’s correlation heatmap between the urinary metabolites identified in the OPLS-DA models and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers LCN-2 and MPO on day 14 post infection. Only significant correlations following <i>P</i> value adjustment are shown (Benjamini-Hochberg for 5% false discovery rate).</p
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