Produksi Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Pada Media Tambahan Molase Dengan Dosis Yang Berbeda

Jamur tiram putih disebut juga dengan jamur kayu karena jamur tersebut tumbuh pada media kayu lapuk. Jamur tiram putih banyak digemari masyarakat karena selain memiliki cita rasa yang enak juga memiliki banyak manfaat bagi tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh molase dengan dosis berbeda pada produktivitas jamur tiram putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktorial yaitu pemberian molase dengan empat taraf konsentrasi 0 %, 7,5 %, 14,5 % dan 22 % / baglog dan dilakukan tiga ulangan. Untuk pengujian hipotesis dengan anova satu jalan (One Way Anova), hasil pengujian hipotesis pada pemenuhan miseliumdiperoleh nilai probabilitas 0,001 < 0.05 H0 ditolak artinya antara ke empat perlakuan tidak sama atau berbeda nyata maka dilakukan Pos Hok Test uji lanjut Anova dengan uji LSD. Berat buah jamur tiram putih panen I diperoleh nilai probabilitas 0,021 < 0.05 H0 ditolak artinya antara ke empat perlakuan tidak sama atau berbeda nyata nyata maka dilakukan Pos Hok Test uji lanjut Anova dengan uji LSD, sedangkan pada parameter yang lain diperoleh kesimpulan H0 diterima artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan antara ke empat perlakuan. Hasil penelitian pada pengamatan pemenuhan miseliumdiperoleh perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh paling baik yaitu M1 (7,5 % molase/ baglog) dengan rata-rata pemenuhan miselium16,3 hari dan perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh kurang baik yaitu M0 atau kontrol dengan rata-rata 27,7 hari. Pada jumlah total tubuh buah jamur diperoleh perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh paling baik yaitu M3 (22 % molase/ baglog) dengan rata-rata 11,5 buah dan perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh kurang baik yaitu M0 (kontrol) dengan rata-rata 9 buah. Pada berat buah jamur tiram putih perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh paling baik yaitu M3 (22 % molase/ baglog) dengan rata-rata 78,2 g dan perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh kurang baik yaitu M0 dengan rata-rata 48,85 g. Dari hasil tersebut diperoleh kesimpulan M1 dosis molase paling rendah (7,5%) berpengaruh pada pemenuhan miselium dan M3 dosis molase paling tinggi (22 %) berpengaruh pada jumlah tubuh buah dan berat buah jamur

Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in <i>Brucella abortus</i>-Seropositive Bison

Brucellosis is of great public health and economic importance worldwide. Detection of brucellosis currently relies on serologic testing of an antibody response to <i>Brucella</i> infection, which suffers from cross-sensitivities to other antibody responses. Here we present a new method for identifying <i>Brucella</i> exposure that is based on profiling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Breath samples from <i>Brucella</i>-seropositive bison and controls were chemically analyzed and demonstrated statistically significant differences in the concentration profiles of five VOCs. A point-of-care device incorporating an array of nanomaterial-based sensors could identify VOC patterns indicative of <i>Brucella</i> exposure with excellent discriminative power, using a statistical algorithm. We show that the patterns were not affected by the animals’ environment and that the discriminative power of the approach was stable over time. The <i>Brucella</i>-indicative VOCs and collective patterns that were identified in this pilot study could lead to the development of a novel diagnostic screening test for quickly detecting infected animals chute-side, pen-side, or even remotely in populations of free-ranging ungulates. The promising preliminary results presented encourage subsequent larger scale trials in order to further evaluate the proposed method

Fecal Volatile Organic Ccompound Profiles from White-Tailed Deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) as Indicators of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Exposure or <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Vaccination

<div><p>White-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) serve as a reservoir for bovine tuberculosis, caused by <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, and can be a source of infection in cattle. Vaccination with <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) is being considered for management of bovine tuberculosis in deer. Presently, no method exists to non-invasively monitor the presence of bovine tuberculosis in deer. In this study, volatile organic compound profiles of BCG-vaccinated and non-vaccinated deer, before and after experimental challenge with <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> strain 95–1315, were generated using solid phase microextraction fiber head-space sampling over suspended fecal pellets with analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chromatograms were processed using XCMS Online to characterize ion variation among treatment groups. The principal component scores resulting from significant (α = 0.05) ion responses were used to build linear discriminant analysis models. The sensitivity and specificity of these models were used to evaluate the feasibility of using this analytical approach to distinguish within group comparisons between pre- and post-<i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> challenge: non-vaccinated male or female deer, BCG-vaccinated male deer, and the mixed gender non-vaccinated deer data. Seventeen compounds were identified in this analysis. The peak areas for these compounds were used to build a linear discriminant classification model based on principal component analysis scores to evaluate the feasibility of discriminating between fecal samples from <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> challenged deer, irrespective of vaccination status. The model best representing the data had a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 91.4%. The fecal head-space sampling approach presented in this pilot study provides a non-invasive method to discriminate between <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> challenged deer and BCG-vaccinated deer. Additionally, the technique may prove invaluable for BCG efficacy studies with free-ranging deer as well as for use as a non-invasive monitoring system for the detection of tuberculosis in captive deer and other livestock.</p></div

PCA score plot for non-vaccinated WTD fecal sample cluster analysis.

<p>On the X-axis are the 1^st component scores, the on the Y-axis are the 2nd component scores. Squares represent pre-challenge samples, circles represent post-challenge samples at 5 months. doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.141831" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.141831</a>.</p

Statistically significant trends identified for compounds identified by VOC head space analysis for samples collected pre-challenge and 5 months post-challenge across all within treatment group comparisons.

<p>Statistically significant trends identified for compounds identified by VOC head space analysis for samples collected pre-challenge and 5 months post-challenge across all within treatment group comparisons.</p

PCA score plot for non-vaccinated female WTD.

<p>Squares represent the pre-challenge samples, circles the post-challenge samples at 5 months. doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418312" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418312</a>.</p

Linear Discriminant Analysis model results based on 2 to 4 PCA components derived from peak areas for predicting BCG-vaccination status pre-<i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> challenge in a between group comaprison.

<p>Linear Discriminant Analysis model results based on 2 to 4 PCA components derived from peak areas for predicting BCG-vaccination status pre-<i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> challenge in a between group comaprison.</p

PCA score plot for non-vaccinated male and female WTD.

<p>Squares represent pre-challenge samples, circles represent post-challenge samples at 5 months. doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418311" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418311</a>.</p

PCA score plot for three class WTD fecal sample cluster analysis.

<p>On the X-axis are the 1^st component scores, the on the Y-axis are the 2nd component scores. Squares represent pre-challenge samples from non-vaccinated WTD, circles represent post-challenge samples at 5 months from non-vaccinated WTD and triangles represent post-challenge samples at 5 months from vaccinated WTD. doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418315" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418315</a>.</p

PCA score plot for vaccinated deer fecal sample cluster analysis.

<p>Squares represent the pre challenge samples, circles the post challenge samples at 5 months. doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418313" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1418313</a>.</p