36 research outputs found
Impaired oxidative stress response characterizes HUWE1-promoted X-linked intellectual disability.
Mutations in the HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1 (HUWE1) E3 ubiquitin ligase cause neurodevelopmental disorder X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). HUWE1 regulates essential processes such as genome integrity maintenance. Alterations in the genome integrity and accumulation of mutations have been tightly associated with the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Though HUWE1 mutations are clearly implicated in XLID and HUWE1 regulatory functions well explored, currently much is unknown about the molecular basis of HUWE1-promoted XLID. Here we showed that the HUWE1 expression is altered and mutation frequency increased in three different XLID individual (HUWE1 p.R2981H, p.R4187C and HUWE1 duplication) cell lines. The effect was most prominent in HUWE1 p.R4187C XLID cells and was accompanied with decreased DNA repair capacity and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Analysis of HUWE1 substrates revealed XLID-specific down-regulation of oxidative stress response DNA polymerase (Pol) λ caused by hyperactive HUWE1 p.R4187C. The subsequent restoration of Polλ levels counteracted the oxidative hypersensitivity. The observed alterations in the genome integrity maintenance may be particularly relevant in the cortical progenitor zones of human brain, as suggested by HUWE1 immunofluorescence analysis of cerebral organoids. These results provide evidence that impairments of the fundamental cellular processes, like genome integrity maintenance, characterize HUWE1-promoted XLID
Stödpraktiker i relation till arbetsplatsförlagt lÀrande i svensk gymnasial lÀrlingsutbildning
This article explores educational support practices during workplace-based learning in upper secondary apprenticeship education in Sweden. Many students in need of educational support attend upper secondary VET, but how they are supported in relation to workplace-based learning has not been investigated in any extensive way. 15 semi-structured interviews with upper secondary VET-school personnel were conducted. Through the use of concepts from the theory of practice architectures three different support projects embedded within three practices were identified: a workplace socialization project; a qualification project; and a social-pedagogical project. These support practices were conditioned by how students were viewed; the allocation of resources at the local schools, and the schoolsâ possibilities to influence the workplaces. The study concludes that support for workplace-based learning is shaped as a one-sided responsibility falling on the schools. Although apprenticeship education might fit some students in need of support, many of them are left without any support during the workplace-based learning part.</p
Stödpraktiker i relation till arbetsplatsförlagt lÀrande i svensk gymnasial lÀrlingsutbildning
This article explores educational support practices during workplace-based learning in upper secondary apprenticeship education in Sweden. Many students in need of educational support attend upper secondary VET, but how they are supported in relation to workplace-based learning has not been investigated in any extensive way. 15 semi-structured interviews with upper secondary VET-school personnel were conducted. Through the use of concepts from the theory of practice architectures three different support projects embedded within three practices were identified: a workplace socialization project; a qualification project; and a social-pedagogical project. These support practices were conditioned by how students were viewed; the allocation of resources at the local schools, and the schoolsâ possibilities to influence the workplaces. The study concludes that support for workplace-based learning is shaped as a one-sided responsibility falling on the schools. Although apprenticeship education might fit some students in need of support, many of them are left without any support during the workplace-based learning part
âThe wrongâ kind of students or âSantaâs workshopâ? Teaching practices for newly arrived migrant students in Swedish upper secondary VET
AbstractAt some upper secondary schools in Sweden, newly arrived migrant youths can attend vocational courses while studying in the language introduction programme. The teaching practices in relation to language learning for newly arrived migrant students in this kind of school-based VET and how these practices are conditioned are investigated in the article. Eight VET-teachers were interviewed, and the narratives were analyzed using concepts from the theory of practice architectures. Three teaching practices in relation to language learning were identified within the broader project of teaching newly arrived students in VET: i) Swedish language first, ii) second language learning-in-action, and iii) joint VET and second language teaching. These practices were in turn connected to three different approaches to language learning in VET: language learning understood as a) segregated skills instruction, b) as happening ânaturallyâ while participating in VET-practice, c) integrated in VET but requiring explicit instruction and daily interaction with Swedish-speaking students. A conclusion drawn from the study is that newly arrived migrant students are provided unequal opportunities for development of vocational knowing and language competences in Swedish upper secondary schools depending on local conditions. The results also show how economic resources and support from school-leaders provides conditions for re-shaping teaching practices.</jats:p
'The wrong' kind of students or 'Santa's workshop'? Teaching practices for newly arrived migrant students in Swedish upper secondary VET
At some upper secondary schools in Sweden, newly arrived migrant youths can attend vocational courses while studying in the language introduction programme. The teaching practices in relation to language learning for newly arrived migrant students in this kind of school-based VET and how these practices are conditioned are investigated in the article. Eight VET-teachers were interviewed, and the narratives were analyzed using concepts from the theory of practice architectures. Three teaching practices in relation to language learning were identified within the broader project of teaching newly arrived students in VET: i) Swedish language first, ii) second language learning-in-action, and iii) joint VET and second language teaching. These practices were in turn connected to three different approaches to language learning in VET: language learning understood as a) segregated skills instruction, b) as happening 'naturally' while participating in VET-practice, c) integrated in VET but requiring explicit instruction and daily interaction with Swedish-speaking students. A conclusion drawn from the study is that newly arrived migrant students are provided unequal opportunities for development of vocational knowing and language competences in Swedish upper secondary schools depending on local conditions. The results also show how economic resources and support from school-leaders provides conditions for re-shaping teaching practices.</p
Literacies as Vocational Knowing in Upper Secondary Apprenticeship Education : Apprentice students participation in literacy practices during workplace based learning in health care and social work
The aim of this dissertation is to describe and critically discuss the literacies apprentice-students in the Health and Social Care Programme in the upper secondary school in Sweden are given access to during the workplace-based learning part of the education. The study draws on sociocultural understandings of learning and knowing, and on perspectives developed in the field of new literacy studies of literacies as situated social practices. Ethnographically inspired methods consisting of participant observation, interviews and study of textual artefacts in both the work and school domain are used to generate data. Literacy events and literacy practices students are given the opportunity to participate in are explored as a part of tasks in the work or school domain. Additionally, the literacies students do not gain access in these workplaces but are crucial in health care and social work are explored. The results indicate that literacies in the work domain are to a large degree embedded in other work tasks. This contributes to making a large part of the reading and writing invisible for the students and their supervisors. Access to literacies at the workplace is not discussed between teachers and supervisors. A major finding is that studentsâ access to digital literacies in the work domain depends on the local culture of each workplace and on individual supervisorâs decisions, bringing questions of equality in the apprentice-education to the forefront. The digital literacies support central activities in the workplaces; not getting access to these practices raises questions about what kind of working life the apprentice-students are being prepared for. Thus the meaning given to the term employability, which is central in policy-documents for the apprentice education, seems to be enacted as preparing the students for a job in one position, rather than offering broad competences for advancement or changes in working life. School tasks can function in a compensatory way by introducing central texts in Health and Social care work for students, but writing these kinds of texts in the school domain are part of different literacy practices than when writing them in the work domain. Furthermore the schools have no possibilities to offer students access to the kinds of digital systems that are used in the work domain.
SprÄkutveckling i yrkeskurser : hinder och möjligheter
SprĂ„kintroduktionsprogrammet riktar sig till nyanlĂ€nda ungdomar i Sverige, som behöver lĂ€ra sig svenska sprĂ„ket. Ibland ges eleverna pĂ„ dessa program möjlighet att studera yrkeskurser. Undervisningen pĂ„ sĂ„dana kurser Ă€r i fokus i studien. NyanlĂ€nda elever och elever med migrationsbakgrund möter mĂ„nga hinder inom yrkesutbildning (se t.ex. Avis et al., 2021; JĂžrgensen et. Al., 2021). Vissa av hindren Ă€r kopplade till att eleverna inte erbjuds tillrĂ€ckliga möjligheter till sprĂ„kinlĂ€rning (se t.ex. Choy & WĂ€rvik, 2019; Sandwall, 2010). Detta behövs det dock mer forskning om, sĂ€rskilt i relation till elever i gymnasieĂ„lder. Denna studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap om de undervisningspraktiker som nyanlĂ€nda elever möter i yrkeskurser samt de villkor som formar dessa praktiker. Följande forskningsfrĂ„gor undersöks: Vad karaktĂ€riserar undervisningspraktikerna inom yrkeskurser som erbjuds nyanlĂ€nda elever? Hur formas sprĂ„kinlĂ€rning inom dessa praktiker? Vad villkorar praktikerna?Metod och teori Intervjuer med Ă„tta yrkeslĂ€rare ligger som grund för studien. Analysen har vĂ€gletts av teorin om praktikarkitekturer (Kemmis et al., 2014). Inom denna teori riktas intresset mot de praktiker som skapar mening Ă„t deltagarnas handlingar, samt de villkor som formar och formas av praktikerna. DĂ€rför har âsĂ€gandenâ, âgoÌrandenâ och ârelaterandenâ â dvs. Det som tillsammans formar en praktik â analyserats utifrĂ„n intervjusvaren. DĂ€refter har de praktikarkitekturer, dvs. De arrangemang som hĂ„ller praktikerna pĂ„ plats, identifierats, och som kan foÌrklara âsĂ€gandenâ, âgoÌrandenâ och ârelatreandenâ inom respektive praktik.ResultatTre praktiker identifierades: i) svenska först â praktisk verksamhet sedan; ii) andrasprĂ„ksinlĂ€rning-i-praktiken; samt iii) integrerad sprĂ„k- och yrkesundervisning. Dessa var sammankopplade med varsin idĂ© om sprĂ„kinlĂ€rning: a) som separat fĂ€rdighetstrĂ€ning; b) som nĂ„got som utvecklas naturligt genom deltagande i yrkesuppgifter; eller c) som integrerad i yrkesutbildning genom explicit undervisning och daglig interaktion med svensktalande elever. En slutsats Ă€r att nyanlĂ€nda elever erbjuds varierande möjligheter att utveckla yrkeskunnande och tillĂ€gna sig svenska. Dessa skillnader beror bland annat pĂ„ skilda ekonomiska resurser. Resultaten visar ocksĂ„ att det gĂ„r att forma yrkeskurser med utgĂ„ngspunkt i de nyanlĂ€nda elevernas behov utan att kompromissa med yrkesundervisningens kvalitet.Referenser:Avis, J., Orr, K., & Warmington, P. Beyond âMigrationâand âInclusionâin Work Life: Racialisation and VET. In L. Moreno Herrera, M., TerĂ€s, P., Gougoulakis, & J. Kontio, (Eds.), Migration and inclusion in work life-the role of VET: Emerging issues in research on vocational education & training Vol. 7 (pp. 27â59). Atlas Akademi.Choy, S., & WĂ€rvik, G. B. (2019). Integration of learning for refugee and migrant students: VET teachersâ practices through practice theory lens. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 71(1), 87â107.JĂžrgensen, C., Hautz, H., & Li, J. (2021). The Role of Vocational Education and Training in the Integration of Refugees in Austria, Denmark and Germany. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 8(3), 276â299.Kemmis, S., Wilkinson, J., Edwards-Groves, C., Hardy, I., Grootenboer, P., & Bristol, L. (2014). Changing practices, changing education. Springer.Sandwall, K. (2010). âI learn more at schoolâ: A critical perspective on workplace-related second language learning in and out of school. TESOL Quarterly, 44(3), 542â574.</p
Ligga steget före: Barnskötares yrkesomdöme ÄskÄdliggjort genom bedömningshandlingar
This study explores vocational judgement, which is discernible in the assessment actions of a supervising childminder directed towards upper secondary school students â while interacting with the children â during work-based learning in Sweden. The research aims to identify the characteristics of vocational knowing in terms of judgement, as exhibited in everyday interactions with children, by applying multimodal interaction ana-lysis to two video sequences from different Swedish preschools. The study findings show how vocational judgement â in the form of embodied discernment â is a central aspect of a childminderâs vocational knowing. Vocational judgement becomes discernible, for instance, in how supervising childminders are consistently one or several steps ahead of both children and upper secondary school students</jats:p
LÀrarens eller elevernas erfarenheter som utgÄngspunkt för undervisning : JÀmförelse av skolförlagd yrkesutbildning och gymnasial lÀrlingsutbildning pÄ Barn- och fritidsprogrammet
I den svenska gymnasiala lÀrlingsutbildningen ska eleverna spendera minst halva sin utbildningstid pÄ en eller flera arbetsplatser, jÀmfört med 15 veckor i de skolförlagda yrkesprogrammen. Den gymnasiala lÀrlingsutbildningen beskrivs som ett alternativt sÀtt att lÀra, samtidigt följer lÀrlingsutbildningen kursplaner som utvecklats för de skolförlagda yrkesprogrammen. Om lÀrande förstÄs vara situerat, och om yrkeskunnande förstÄs uppkomma i relation till den praktik som tar form i en viss verksamhet (Lave & Wenger 1991), framstÄr detta som paradoxalt.I presentationen redogör vi för resultat frÄn ett projekt med syfte att beskriva vilket yrkeskunnande som elever i svensk gymnasial lÀrlingsutbildning respektive skolförlagda yrkesprogram fÄr möjlighet att utveckla. I fokus stÄr ett av de tvÄ studerade programmen: Barn och fritidsprogrammet (BF).Presentation vÀgleds av följande forskningsfrÄgor:Vilka skillnader och likheter framkommer i undervisning i skolan respektive handledning pÄ arbetsplatsen i lÀrlingsutbildning respektive skolförlagd utbildning? Vilket yrkeskunnande erbjuds eleverna möjlighet att utveckla i respektive utbildning?För att svara pÄ dessa frÄgor har de uppgifter (Jfr Lindberg 2003) eleverna fÄr tillgÄng till i skolan och pÄ sina arbetsplatser i de bÄda utbildningsspÄren jÀmförts. Studien Àr en smÄskalig fallstudie. Data har skapats genom observationer i klassrum och pÄ elevernas arbetsplatser. Under observationerna har elevernas interaktion filmats. Intervjuer har genomförts med elever, yrkeslÀrare och handledare. DÀrutöver har de skoluppgifter eleverna gör i relation till sitt arbetsplatsförlagda lÀrande (apl) studerats. Teoretiskt grundas analysen i situerade förstÄelser av lÀrande (Lave & Wenger 1991), liksom en relationell kunskapssyn (Carlgren 2015, Ryle 1949).I de preliminÀra resultaten framkommer skillnader i vad den skolförlagda lÀraren och lÀrlingslÀraren har fokus pÄ i sin undervisning, liksom skillnader i de skoluppgifter eleverna fÄr göra i relation till sin apl, samt i bedömning av yrkeskunnande. Den skolförlagda lÀraren lÀgger stor vikt vid BF-programmet som ett akademiskt program dÀr fokus i undervisningen i hög grad Àr propositionellt kunnande. LÀrandet organiseras med utgÄngspunkt i de olika kurserna i lÀroplanen. Bedömning av yrkeskunnande under apl baseras huvudsakligen pÄ en skriftlig rapport. LÀrlingslÀrarens arbete framstÄr mer som ett översÀttningsarbete, dÀr denne ska lista ut hur de uppgifter eleven deltagit i under apl passar in i olika kurser i lÀroplanen. Bedömningen i lÀrlingsutbildningen baseras pÄ trepartssamtal mellan lÀrare, handledare och elev, lÀrarens iakttagelser under besök och skoluppgifter. I lÀrlingsutbildningen framstÄr det som att det Àr lÀrlingselevernas erfarenheter frÄn apl som vÀgleder undervisningen till skillnad frÄn undervisningen i den skolförlagda utbildningen dÀr lÀrarens kunnande och erfarenheter Àr utgÄngspunkten för lektionernas utformning och innehÄll.</p
Tre fallstudier av yrkeskunnande inom gymnasieskolans lÀrlingsutbildning
I denna rapport beskrivs tre fallstudier frĂ„n pilotprojektet Yrkeskunnande i praktiken. I projektet studerasdet yrkeskunnande som gymnasieskolans lĂ€rlingselever deltar i under sitt arbetsplatsförlagda lĂ€rande (apl) i tre olika yrkesverksamheter: en frisörsalong, en förskola och ett skolkök. Yrkeskunnande Ă€r ofta âtystâ men blir synligt i handlingar. StrĂ€van i denna studie Ă€r dĂ€rför att sĂ€tta ord pĂ„ centrala aspekter av yrkeskunnande â i barnskötaryrket, frisöryrket och kockyrket â som lĂ€rlingselever fĂ„r tillgĂ„ng till under sin apl. Studien har vĂ€gletts av tre frĂ„gor: Vad utgör centralt yrkeskunnande i tre yrkesverksamheter? Hur utvecklas detta yrkeskunnande? Vilka skillnader mellan novisers (dvs. elevers) och yrkesskickligas handlingar blir synliga?Studien Ă€r etnografisk till sin karaktĂ€r. Vi har filmat elever pĂ„ Barn- och fritidsprogrammet, Hantverksprogrammet inriktning frisör samt Restaurang- och livsmedelsprogrammet, under en eller tvĂ„ dagar av deras apl. Sedan har elevernas handledare och yrkeslĂ€rare fĂ„tt reflektera över vad eleven gör i utvalda filmklipp, i relation till studiens syfte.I fallstudierna synliggörs att centralt yrkeskunnande Ă€r i hög grad beroende av arbetsplatsens specifika karaktĂ€r. Gemensamt för alla tre yrkena Ă€r att eleverna bland annat behöver utveckla ett yrkesmĂ€ssigt omdöme för att handla pĂ„ ett kunnigt sĂ€tt. YrkesmĂ€ssigt omdöme innebĂ€r att kunna göra kunniga bedömningar och fatta beslut i relation till olika uppgifter i verksamheten. Att utveckla kunnighet i ett yrke tar tid och krĂ€ver att eleven, tillsammans med andra, Ă„terkommande fĂ„r delta i ett brett spektrum av uppgifter. Först med mycket handledning och sedan allt mer sjĂ€lvstĂ€ndigt. Eftersom yrkeslĂ€rare och handledare Ă€r orienterade mot olika verksamheter â skola respektive den specifika arbetsplatsen â har de ibland olika blick pĂ„ det yrkeskunnande eleven ska utveckla. YrkeslĂ€rarna anvĂ€nder lydelser ur skolans styrdokument, medan de yrkesverksamma talar utifrĂ„n villkoren pĂ„ sin arbetsplats med siktet instĂ€llt pĂ„ att göra eleven möjlig att anstĂ€lla pĂ„ arbetsplatsen.</p