Toxicity and residual activity of spinetoram to neonate larvae of Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Semi-field and laboratory trials

Spinetoram is a fermentation insecticide, derived from the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. It works by disrupting the GABA-gated chloride channels and by causing persistent activation of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spinetoram for control of neonate larvae of both oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) and codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella (L.) in semi-field and laboratory trials. OFM and CM neonate larvae responded similarly to spinetoram, which showed high efficacy on both species. In semi-field experiments, regression analysis of the percentage of damaged fruits as a function of days after treatment showed a better performance of the highest spinetoram dose (10 g a.i./hl) in comparison with the maximum recommended field dose of the reference product emamectin benzoate (2.85 g a.i./hl). Surface-treated diet assays revealed LC50 values of 6.59 and 8.44 ng a.i./cm2 for neonate larvae of OFM and CM larvae, respectively. High percentages of mortality were recorded on both species after 24-h exposure to treated diet. For these reasons spinetoram could be considered a valuable tool in IPM strategies for OFM and CM control

Use of in vivo phage display to engineer novel adenoviruses for targeted delivery to the cardiac vasculature

We performed in vivo phage display in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, a cardiovascular disease model, and the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat to identify cardiac targeting peptides, and then assessed each in the context of viral gene delivery. We identified both common and strain-selective peptides, potentially indicating ubiquitous markers and those found selectively in dysfunctional microvasculature of the heart. We show the utility of the peptide, DDTRHWG, for targeted gene delivery in human cells and rats in vivo when cloned into the fiber protein of subgroup D adenovirus 19p. This study therefore identifies cardiac targeting peptides by in vivo phage display and the potential of a candidate peptide for vector targeting strategies

Influence of pre-reproductive maternal enrichment on coping response to stress and expression of c-Fos and glucocorticoid receptors in adolescent offspring

Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental setting broadly used for investigating the effects of complex social, cognitive, and sensorimotor stimulations on brain structure and function. Recent studies point out that parental EE experience, even occurring in the pre-reproductive phase, affects neural development and behavioral trajectories of the offspring. In the present study we investigated the influences of pre-reproductive EE of female rats on maternal behavior and adolescent male offspring's coping response to an inescapable stressful situation after chronic social isolation. For this purpose female Wistar rats were housed from weaning to breeding age in enriched or standard environments. Subsequently, all females were mated and housed in standard conditions until offspring weaning. On the first post partum day (ppd 1), mother-pup interactions in undisturbed conditions were recorded. Further, after weaning the male pups were reared for 2 weeks under social isolation or in standard conditions, and then submitted or not to a single-session Forced Swim Test (FST). Offspring's neuronal activation and plastic changes were identified by immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), and assessed by using stereological analysis. The biochemical correlates were measured in the hippocampus, amygdala and cingulate cortex, structures involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation. Enriched dams exhibited increased Crouching levels in comparison to standard reared dams. In the offspring of both kinds of dams, social isolation reduced body weight, decreased Immobility, and increased Swimming during FST. Moreover, isolated offspring of enriched dams exhibited higher levels of Climbing in comparison to controls. Interestingly, in the amygdala of both isolated and control offspring of enriched dams we found a lower number of c-Fos immunopositive cells in response to FST and a higher number of GRs in comparison to the offspring of standard dams. These results highlight the profound influence of a stressful condition, such as the social isolation, on the brain of adolescent rats, and underline intergenerational effects of maternal experiences in regulating the offspring response to stress

A tracking detector to study O(1 GeV) ν μ CC interactions

A novel spectrometer to search for sterile neutrino with a short baseline νμ beam was proposed. The detector includes a tracking system composed of planes of triangular shape scintillator strips (3.3 cm × 1.7 cm ) coupled to Silicon PhotoMultipliers in analog mode readout. A spatial resolution of O(1 mm) is required for the determination of charge sign of muons produced in νμ CC interactions at few GeV energy scale. The tracking detector was tested with cosmic rays and particle beams at CERN PS. A spatial resolution ≤ 1.8 mm is achieved wih a detector based on cm size scintillator strips

Functional Brain Connectivity and Inhibitory Control in Older Adults: A Preliminary Study

According to the inhibition deficit hypothesis, the ability to inhibit unwanted or irrelevant thoughts and behaviors decreases with age, which can have a significant impact on cognitive and emotional processing. However, studies examining inhibition and age have shown mixed results, with some studies finding a decrease in inhibitory control as individuals age, while others have found no relationship. The goal of this proof-of-concept study was to examine the underlying neural mechanisms that may explain why some older adults are better than others at inhibitory control by investigating the relationship between resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the salience network, a network critical for detecting and focusing attention toward relevant stimuli while ignoring irrelevant information in the environment, and a behavioral measure of inhibitory control (Stroop Task interference score) in a sample of 65 healthy older individuals (ages 65+). Results revealed no direct effect of age on Stroop performance; however, there was an indirect effect of age on Stroop performance through rsFC. These results suggest that rsFC of the salience network may be an important factor to consider when it comes to understanding individual differences in inhibitory control behavior among older adults

Perfil de pacientes con trastorno delespectro autista y otras comorbilidades atendidos en una escuela de odontología

Objetiva-se avaliar o perfil dos pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista(TEA) atendidos na Disciplina de Atendimento Odontológico do Paciente com Necessidades Especiais (PNE) da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). A partir dos prontuários odontológicos dos pacientes atendidos em nível ambulatorial entre os anos de 2001 e 2019 foram obtidas informações em relação a idade do paciente no primeiro atendimento, gênero, forma de acesso, condição sistêmica do paciente com TEA, medicamento de uso contínuo utilizado e tratamento recebido em sua última visita a clínica. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha Excel®e analisadoscom base no valor percentual.Verificou-se que 6,4% dos pacientes especiaisatendidos na disciplina apresentavam TEA, sendo 75,3% do gênero masculino com uma média de idade de 19,56anos. Destes pacientes, 78,3% faziam uso de medicação sendo as mais frequentes os antipsicóticos (60,8%), anticonvulsivantes (39,2%), antidepressivos (12,4%) e ansiolíticos (11,3%). Os tratamentos mais realizados em sua última visita clínica foram prevenção (36%), periodontal (17,5%), dentística (14,4%) e cirurgia(13,4%). Destaca-se assim, a importância de o cirurgião-dentista estar atento às condições sistêmicas associadas dos pacientes com TEA, as quais estão ligadas ao uso de medicamentos e deve possuir o conhecimento farmacológico, para possibilitar um atendimento clínico com segurança, tendo em vista que há probabilidade de manifestações bucais e sistêmicas com o uso destes medicamentos, além de suas reações adversas.The objective is to evaluate the profile of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) treated in the Disciplineof Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs (SNP) of the Dentistry School of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).From the dental records of patients treated at an outpatient level between 2001 and 2019, information was obtained regarding the patient's age at the first visit, gender, form of access, systemic condition of the patient with ASD, continuous use ofmedication and treatment received on their last visit to the clinic.The data were tabulated in an Excel® spreadsheet and analyzed based on the percentage value. It was found that the ASD represented 6,4% of the SNPs attended in the discipline, with 75,3%male with a median age of 19,56 years coming from Porto Alegre. Of these patients, 78,3% were taking medication, the most frequent being: antipsychotics (60,8%), anticonvulsants (39.2%),antidepressants (12,4%) and anxiolytics (11,3%). The most frequent treatments performed in the last clinical visit were prevention (36%), periodontal (17,5%), dentistry (14,4%) and surgery (13,4%). We conclude that it is important for dentists to be aware of the systemic and associated conditions of patients with ASD as highlighted, which are also linked to the use of medications and to have pharmacological knowledge, so that they can safely serve them in clinical practice, considering that there is a probability of oral and systemic manifestations with the use of these drugs, in addition to their adverse reactions.El objetivo es evaluar el perfil de los pacientes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) tratados en la Disciplina de Atención Odontológica para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales (PNE) de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). A partir de los registros dentales de los pacientes atendidos de forma ambulatoria entre 2001 y 2019 se obtuvo información sobre la edad del paciente en la primera visita, sexo, forma de acceso, estado sistémico del paciente con TEA, medicación de uso continuo y tratamiento recibido en su última visita a la clínica. Los datos se tabularon en una hoja de cálculo de Excel® y se analizaron con base en el valor porcentual. Se encontró que el 6,4% de los pacientes especiales atendidos en la disciplina tenían TEA y el 75,3% eran varones con una edad media de 19,56 años. De estos pacientes, el 78,3% tomaba medicación, siendo los más frecuentes antipsicóticos (60,8%), anticonvulsivos (39,2%), antidepresivos (12,4%) y ansiolíticos (11,3%). Los tratamientos más frecuentes realizados en su última visita clínica fueron prevención (36%), periodontal (17,5%), odontología (14,4%) y cirugía (13,4%). De ahí la importancia de que el cirujano dentista conozca las condiciones sistémicas asociadas de los pacientes con TEA, las cuales están vinculadas al uso de medicamentos y deben tener conocimientos farmacológicos, para posibilitar una atención clínica segura, considerando que existe una probabilidad de manifestaciones orales y sistémicas. con el uso de estos fármacos, además de sus reacciones adversas

An improved data-collection form for the surveillance of HIV infection in Italy

Background: The data-collection form used for Italy's recently established national HIV surveillance systemdoes not include sufficient information to thoroughly describe the dynamics of the epidemic. In addition,comparisons with data from other European countries are difficult. To address this issue, we have developeda more detailed form based on forms used in other European countries.Methods: Data-collection forms used in other countries were evaluated, and the information collected wascategorised by topic. Based on this evaluation, a form was developed for use in Italy.Results: The forms used in other countries are more detailed than the Italian form, and we propose addingthe following information to the Italian form: i) the year of entry in Italy for non-nationals; ii) testing pattern(i.e., the number of tests in the previous two years and during lifetime); iii) whether or not infection wasrecent, based on the antibody avidity index, and which test and cut-off were used; iv) whether or not testingwas performed in the acute phase of infection, based on symptoms; and v) a checklist of reasons forundergoing testing. We also added a “Comments” section for information not recorded elsewhere on theform.Discussion: The more detailed form will allow for a more thorough description of the characteristics of newlyinfected persons and of the dynamics of the epidemic in Italy, which is fundamental for prevention and controlinitiatives. It will also allow for comparisons to be made against data from other European countries, revealingimportant similarities and differences

Trauma dentario en un paciente con trastorno del espectro autista. Reporte de caso clínico

A 12-year-old girl diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, and intellectual deficit, was seen at the dental clinic for patients with special needs at the Dental School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, due to a gingival hemorrhage on tooth 21, after a fall due to a seizure. The clinical examination of the patient identified active caries and the presence of visible biofilm on almost all dental surfaces. A radiographic exam of tooth 21 showed a fracture in the middle-third root of the tooth. All the necessary dental procedures were carried out during the endodontic treatment on tooth 21, filling the canal with calcium hydroxide paste. During the beginning of the care, the patient presented an agitated behavior requiring specialized management, always keeping the caregiver in the same clinical setting so that the patient felt welcomed. It concluded the knowledge of the particularities of the patient-reported with ASD was of utmost importance for the conduct of her dental treatment, enabling appropriate behaviors in her rehabilitation.Se presenta una niña de 12 años con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), epilepsia y déficit intelectual, quien fue llevada a la clínica odontológica para pacientes con necesidades especiales de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, por sangrado gingival a la altura del diente 21, luego de caer por una convulsión. El examen clínico identificó una paciente con lesiones de caries activas y se observó la presencia de biofilm visible en casi todas las superficies dentales. El examen radiográfico del diente 21 mostró una fractura en el tercio medio radicular del mismo. Se realizaron todos los procedimientos dentales necesarios para realizar el tratamiento de endodoncia del 21, rellenando el conducto con pasta de hidróxido de calcio. Al inicio de la atención odontológica, la paciente presentó un comportamiento agitado que requirió un manejo especializado, manteniendo siempre al cuidador en el ambiente clínico, para que el paciente se sintiera bienvenido. Se concluyó que el conocimiento de las particularidades de la paciente reportada con TEA fue de suma importancia para la realización de su tratamiento odontológico, permitiendo tener comportamientos adecuados en su rehabilitación

Tumorigenic effect mediated by fatty acid synthase in a murine mammary adenocarcinoma model fed with high palmitic acid and fructose diet

Fil: Mazo, Tamara Magali. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico; Argentina.Fil: Mazo, Tamara Magali. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Ferrero, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.Fil: Barotto, Nelso Neri. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología; Argentina.Fil: Don, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra Microbiología e Inmunología B; Argentina.Fil: Yennerich, Laura Irene. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Histología,embriología y Genética I; Argentina.Fil: Solla, Erika. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Sosa, Liliana del Valle. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica; Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez, V. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Quintar, Amado Alfredo. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Pasqualini, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología; Argentina.Fil: Pasqualini, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.Breast cancer (BC) is the first leading cause of mortality in women and is associated with genetic and epigenetic factors such as dietary compounds. The fatty acid synthase (FASN) is involved in de novo lipogenesis, catalyzing the synthesis of endogenous fatty acids. In early stages of carcinogenesis, the activation of FASN is mediated by hypoxia, which is induced by high concentrations of simple carbohydrates and fats. Its overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis, however, the dietary regulation of FASN in BC development is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in dietary palmitic acid (PA) and fructose (Fr) on the regulation of FASN expression mediated by hypoxia in murine BC development. BALB/c mice (n=40) were divided in 4 dietary groups, CONTROL (6%corn oil+30%Fr), PCS (20%palm oil+15%Fr), PBA (20%corn oil+45%Fr) and PCS+PBA (20% palm oil+45%Fr). After 90 days mice were inoculated with murine breast adenocarcinoma LM3 cells (1x106cell). In this model we evaluated tumor volume (calimeter), lipid profile (gas chromatography, GC), FASN expression (Western Blot and immunohistochemistry) and tumor histology (H/E). In vitro model: cultured LM3 were treated with PA (40μM-50μM) and/or Fr (2.5μM) for 24hs. We evaluated viability (resazurin), apoptosis (Hoechst), lipid profile (GC), FASN expression. Three replicates were minimally performed by experiment and analyzed by ANOVA. The PCS presented the highest percentage of PA and the PBA, a high percentage of ω-6 PUFAs in membranes respect to the other groups. The PCS+PBA diet produced an increment in tumor growth, infiltration and necrosis. FASN expression was increased in this group as well as after PA and Fr (40/2.5uM) LM3 treatment (p<0.05). The PA and Fr (40/2.5uM) decreased LM3 apoptotic cells and PA 40μM increased cell viability (p<0.05). We demonstrated that diets high in PA and Fr induce tumor development in murine BC, mediated by an increment in FASN enzyme expression.https://www.medicinabuenosaires.com/PMID/36368022.pdfFil: Mazo, Tamara Magali. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico; Argentina.Fil: Mazo, Tamara Magali. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Ferrero, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.Fil: Barotto, Nelso Neri. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología; Argentina.Fil: Don, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra Microbiología e Inmunología B; Argentina.Fil: Yennerich, Laura Irene. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Cátedra de Histología,embriología y Genética I; Argentina.Fil: Solla, Erika. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Sosa, Liliana del Valle. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica; Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez, V. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Quintar, Amado Alfredo. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Pasqualini, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología; Argentina.Fil: Pasqualini, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

Rapid, progressive neuropathic arthropathy of the hip in a patient co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and tertiary syphilis: case report

BACKGROUND: Syphilis is a chronic infection that is classified into three stages. In its tertiary stage, syphilis spreads to the brain, heart and other organs; the lesions may involve the skin, mucous membranes and bones. Neuropathic arthropathy associated with tertiary syphilis has rarely been described in Europe and its association with HIV-HCV co-infection has not been reported so far.This article reports the case of a man with tertiary syphilis presenting with rapidly evolving neuropathic arthropathy of the hip and extensive bone destruction. CASE PRESENTATION: On initial presentation, the patient complained of progressively worsening left-sided coxalgia without localized or generalized inflammation. The patient reported to have no history of previous infections, trauma or cancer. Plain x-ray films of the left coxofemoral joint showed marked degeneration with necrosis of the proximal epiphysis of femur and morphological alterations of the acetabulum without protrusion. Primary coxarthrosis was diagnosed and hip arthroplasty was offered, but the patient declined treatment. Three months later, the patient presented a marked deterioration of his general condition. He disclosed that he was seropositive for HCV and HIV, as confirmed by serology. Syphilis serology testing was also positive. A Girdlestone's procedure was performed and samples were collected for routine cultures for bacteria and acid fast bacilli, all resulting negative.Although histological findings were inconclusive, confirmed positive serology for syphilis associated with progressive arthropathy was strongly suggestive of tertiary syphilis, probably exacerbated by HIV-HCV co-infection. The patient partially recovered the ability to walk. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the resurgence of syphilis, this disease should be considered as a possible cause of neuropathic arthropathy when other infectious causes have been ruled out, particularly in patients with HIV and/or HCV co-infection