Dry eye disease – how our lifestyle choices can affect the disease?

Introduction: In today’s world, we know how important it is to keep healthy habits because many diseases begin with daily lifestyle choices. Dry eye disease is a disease of the ocular surface and there are many risk factors, that lead to developing this disorder. As the possible factors we can underline deficiency of vitamin D or Omega-3 fatty acids, lack of physical exercise, long screen time, or smoking tobacco. Aim of the study: This review seeks to highlight the issue of dry eye disease linked to everyday routines by examining clinical trial outcomes. Furthermore, it offers an analysis of potential strategies to prevent ocular alterations by critically evaluating the existing data. State of knowledge: The listed lifestyle choices cause a higher risk of developing dry eye disease and affect ocular health on many levels, leading to unpleasant feelings and affecting people’s lives. However, with some lifestyle changes, the risk of developing this disease can be decreased, and negative symptoms can be minimized. It is important to remember vitamin D, and Omega-3 supplementation, daily physical activity, minimalization of the time spent in front of the visual display terminals, and quitting smoking. Conclusions: Many daily habits are connected to developing dry eye disease, and it is very important to remember about the small daily changes, which can decrease the risk of the disease

Pregnancy as an important risk factor for the progression of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy, also defined as diabetic eye disease is one of the main causes of eye complications and blindless in the world therefore leads to irreversible vision disorder and vision loss. A pregnant women as a patient is always a real challenge for doctors of various specialties. During this period, numerous systemic changes occur, such as increased blood pressure in the third trimester, increased blood volume insulin resistance with worsening glycemic control and excessive coagulation. The above complication may be reflected in the image of the fundus of the eye. Pregnancy may induce retinal disease such as diabetic retinopathy. This review article presents the incidence, pathogenesis and risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy. More over in the following paper discussed management of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy and guidelines are recommended based on the achievable evidence

Episcleritis Uncovered: A Thorough Review of Current Research

Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the episclera of the eye, which is the tissue between the sclera and conjunctiva. It manifests as unilateral or bilateral redness and discomfort. Despite its typically benign course, it may signal underlying systemic disorders, necessitating comprehensive evaluation and personalized management. While most cases are idiopathic, autoimmune diseases and infections may play contributory roles. Epidemiological studies reveal a predilection for young to middle-aged females, with episcleritis being less common in children. Diagnostically, characteristic features include sectoral redness and mild discomfort, distinguishing it from conjunctivitis and scleritis. Treatment primarily focuses on symptomatic relief, utilizing topical steroids, oral NSAIDs, and artificial tears. The prognosis is generally favourable, with spontaneous resolution within weeks; however, recurrent, or chronic cases may necessitate further evaluation for underlying systemic conditions. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management strategies, prognosis of episcleritis, and clinical nuances, drawing upon recent literature from 1976 to the present. By consolidating contemporary knowledge, this review provides valuable insights for clinicians on how to treat this ocular condition effectively

Harnessing Cannabis: Pain Management Strategies for Oncology Patients – A Narrative Review

Cancer-related pain represents a serious challenge in oncological care, often refractory to conventional analgesics and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. In recent years, medical marijuana (cannabis) has emerged as a potential adjunctive or alternative therapy for managing pain in oncological patients. This narrative review critically evaluates the existing literature on the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanisms of action of medical marijuana in alleviating pain associated with cancer. Drawing upon a synthesis of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as meta-analyses and systematic reviews, this review provides insights into the scientific basis and clinical implications of utilizing medical marijuana in oncological pain management

Conquering Post-Dural Puncture Headache: A Systematic Review of Effective Treatments

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication following spinal procedures, particularly lumbar punctures and epidural anesthesia. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various management strategies for PDPH. A comprehensive search was conducted across major databases for relevant articles published up to January 2024. The inclusion criteria comprised studies assessing interventions for post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) management in adult populations. Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted independently by two reviewers. Analysis involved 34 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that conservative approaches, including bed rest, hydration, caffeine, and analgesics, continue to serve as the fundamental components of PDPH management. Additionally, epidural blood patch (EBP) emerged as the most effective intervention for refractory cases. However, further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and explore emerging therapies

Unlocking Strength: The Powerful Impact of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Supplementation on Resistance Training

Withania somnifera, commonly known as ashwagandha, has gained popularity in recent years among individuals interested in healthy lifestyles, natural medicine, and sports. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of ashwagandha supplementation on various aspects of physical performance, particularly in the context of resistance training. Studies have shown that ashwagandha can positively impact muscle strength, with significant increase of muscle force and power output. Additionally, it has demonstrated potential in modulating body composition, with reduction of body fat percentage noted in certain populations. However, results of studies on ashwagandha’s effect on muscle size remain inconclusive and may depend on various factors such as training status and individual responses. In terms of endurance, ashwagandha supplementation has been associated with improvement in maximal oxygen uptake, indicating enhanced aerobic capacity and delayed exhaustion during endurance activities. Furthermore, ashwagandha was shown to aid muscle recovery by reducing exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammatory response, potentially accelerating the muscle regeneration process. Ashwagandha may also influence hormone levels, such as testosterone and cortisol, with potential implications for muscle growth and recovery. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects. Overall, ashwagandha supplementation appears to hold promise for enhancing physical performance and overall well-being. Further research is needed to elucidate optimal dosages, long-term safety, and potential interactions with other supplements or medications

Beyond Pain: Innovative Approaches to Tension-Type Headache Management and Treatment

Introduction: Tension-type headache (TTH) is a common neurological disorder characterized by bilateral head pain and muscle tension, affecting up to 78% of the population. Despite its prevalence, TTH has historically received less attention than migraines. However, recent years have seen increased interest in understanding its pathophysiology and treatment options. This review comprehensively analyzes TTH management, covering non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to guide clinical practice and future research effectively. State of Knowledge: TTHs manifest as bilateral, pressing, encircling head pain, profoundly affecting individuals' quality of life. Recent years have witnessed increased interest in TTH understanding and treatment. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral modifications, exercise, dietary adjustments, sleep hygiene, physical therapy, psychotherapy, and pharmacological treatments like over-the-counter medications, prophylactic drugs, psychedelics, and botulinum toxin A, have shown promise in alleviating symptoms. Conclusion: This review highlights the multifaceted management of TTH. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral modifications and psychotherapy, offer symptom relief. Body awareness therapy, exercise, and psychotherapy benefit TTH symptoms and quality of life. Paracetamol, ibuprofen, and amitriptyline are standard treatments, with emerging options like psychedelics and botulinum toxin A. Personalizing treatment and understanding TTH mechanisms pose challenges. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for enhancing management and outcomes. More research is required to identify optimal treatments and long-term efficacy. Despite challenges, progress in TTH management brings hope for better patient care

Understanding the pathogenesis of infertility in endometriosis - literature review

Introduction and objective Endometriosis is a complex systemic condition characterized by the growth of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, affecting 10-15% of women of reproductive age. Up to 50% of these women face infertility challenges. Although there is a scientifically established connection between endometriosis and infertility, the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. Review methods The PubMed database was searched using phrases related to the topic of endometriosis-associated infertility. The search included original research articles, review papers, and guidelines, including the Polish guideline on managing women with endometriosis. Ultimately, 25 relevant sources presenting the latest knowledge were selected. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge The pathogenesis of infertility associated with endometriosis is complex and involves multiple factors. The most frequently cited contributors in the scientific literature include pain and dyspareunia, mechanical factors, reduced ovarian reserve, oxidative stress, changes in embryo and oocyte quality, impaired ovulation, and compromised endometrial receptivity. Summary Endometriosis affects a growing number of women worldwide, with nearly half experiencing infertility. The complexity and involvement of multiple organ systems make it difficult to pinpoint a single cause, posing a challenge for clinicians. Addressing these diverse factors is essential for improving fertility management in women with endometriosis

Molecular mechanisms of resistance and new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of colorectal cancer - a review of the literature

CRC occupies one of the leading positions among gastrointestinal malignancies and is a significant problem in Europe since it is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer. Recent developments in diagnostic techniques have led to higher chances of early diagnosis and survival; nevertheless, CRC is highly likely to relapse in the survivorably younger individuals. The importance of the current chemotherapy treatment and potential key therapeutic targets are identified in this review so that the molecular alterations causing drug resistance in CRC can be studied.Current literature formed the basis of this review by reviewing the molecular processes that underlie CRC, with emphasis on the mutational alterations in genes such as SENP1, KRAS, APC, TP53, and BRAF that play critical roles in CRC and resistance to treatment. Chemotherapy for CRC, targeting therapies, and immuno therapies have been discussed particularly with reference to their effectiveness for treatment and overcoming resistance.Genomic alterations in some important genes are involved in the onset of CRC and also determined the response to therapies. The KRAS mutations are associated with the resistance to EGFR inhibitors; however, BRAF mutations require BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Lack of MMR system SSR as a trigger for MSI-H status suggests a better response to immunotherapies. In addition, new molecules including SENP1, which involved the DNA repair pathway, and combination using CDK4/6 inhibitors are currently under development to overcome resistance and enhance the patients’ benefits.Colorectal cancer is still a problem, primarily because of its genetic character and high rates of recurrence. Even though chemotherapy and targeted therapies offer helpful results, the problem of resistance stands in the way. Subsequent studies should aim at symptomatic treatment outcomes and combine different drugs in order to enhance long-term treatment outcomes

The role of psychooncology in cancer treatment – a literature review

Introduction and objective. Receiving a cancer diagnosis can lead to significant mental distress, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive medical care that includes psychological support. Effective psycho-oncological therapy can help patients find fulfillment regardless of their prognosis, while also improving overall outcomes and treatment adherence. This article aims to review the medical literature on the mental health challenges faced by cancer patients and to explore potential treatment modalities. Review methods. Implementing Google Scholar and PubMed, a literature analysis was conducted, with particular attention paid to terms like "psychooncology," "anxiety," "depression," "cancer," "grief," and "PTSD." The period of consideration for articles was from 2017 to 2024. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Grief, anxiety, PTSD, despair, and other mental health problems can arise after receiving a cancer diagnosis. In order to improve treatment adherence and survival rates, psychological well-being must be addressed. Empirical evidence indicates that psychological disorders can hinder adherence to therapy and elevate the risk of death from cancer. Furthermore, as families often endure significant stress throughout the disease, psychological care is beneficial to both patients and their relatives. It is possible to enhance adherence and reduce symptoms by using an integrated strategy that takes into consideration both physical and mental health. Conclusions. An essential part of holistic cancer care is psycho-oncology, which enhances patients' general health and quality of life. Psycho-oncological therapy must be incorporated into standard cancer care in order to improve treatment outcomes and assist patients in overcoming their condition