Coiled sheet metal strip opens into tubular configuration

Copper alloy is converted into a spring material that can be rolled into a compact coil which will spontaneously open to form a tube in the long direction of the strip. The copper alloy is passed through a furnace at a prescribed temperature while restraining the strip in the desired tubular configuration

Method of making tubes Patent

Forming tubes from long thin flat metal strip

The Soybean

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The Soybean: Its Place in a Farming System

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Farming with Soybeans For Marketing For Feeding For Land Use

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Polymer Translocation througha Pore in a Membrane

We construct a new statistical physical model of polymer translocation through a pore in a membrane treated as the diffusion process across a free energy barrier. We determine the translocation time in terms of chain flexibility yielding an entropic barrier, as well as in terms of the driving mechanisms such as transmembrane chemical potential difference and Brownian ratchets. It turns out that, while the chemical potential differences induce pronounced effects on translocation due to the long-chain nature of the polymer, the ratchets suppress this effect and chain flexibility.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 783(1996