A STUDY ON EFFECT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM ON LIPID PROFILE

Design: Observational study design.Background: Hypothyroidism is the clinical syndrome and associated with slowing down the metabolic process in the body. Thyroid function significantly affects lipoprotein metabolism as well as some cardiovascular disease.Objectives: To assess the correlation between of thyroid functions and lipid abnormalities. .Methods: 20 Hypothyroidism patients were selected through convenience random sampling for the study. Blood sample was withdrawn from patients of hypothyroidism after overnight fasting and used for biochemical analysis.Results: Results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum TSH, LDL, statistically significant negative correlation between serum TSH, and HDL.Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction can have an important effect on lipid profile. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended to be investigated for hypothyroidism.  Article visualizations

Early sonographic markers and prediction of pregnancy outcome: a prospective study

 Background: The objective of the study was to examines the pregnancy outcome in patients with early sonography markers and study design was a prospective study.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GCS Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India from Feb 2012 to August 2016. Total of 612 Women with early pregnancy were included in the study that fulfilled the inclusion criterias. After first sonography examination patients were assigned to the control group and study group. Patients were followed up for outcome.14 pateients were lost to follow up.Results: The incidence of pregnancy loss was highest with Large yolk sac i.e 78.57%, followed by loss with Bradycardia (38%), Tachycardia (15.78%) and Smaller than normal G Sac to be 14.28%. As compared to control which had pregnancy loss of only 7.7%. Incidence of other complications like IUGR, PIH were also increased in patients with abnormal early sonography markers up to 33%.Conclusions: T Transvaginal sonography should be used adequately to look for early pregnancy markers like Size of Gestational sac, size and shape of yolk sac, fetal heart rate and in cases of threatened abortion presence of subchorionic haematoma and its size because all these markers are good predictors of pragnacy outcome and can prove helpful in patient counseling

A comparative evaluation of frictional resistance and surface roughness of silver coated and uncoated stainless-steel bracket wire assembly- An in-vitro study

Silver ions act as potent antimicrobial agents. Silver coating of brackets and the archwires can help reduce the formation of white spot lesions and caries which is commonly seen with fixed orthodontic treatment. However, this may affect the friction and surface roughness of the bracket-wire assembly which in turn affects the biological tooth movement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 samples were included in the study which was divided into four groups. Group-1: * 15 silver coated 0.022 x 0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets * 15 silver coated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires; Group-2: * 15 uncoated 0.022 x 0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets * 15 silver coated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires; Group-3: * 15 silver coated 0.022 x 0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets * 15 uncoated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires; Group-4: * 15 uncoated 0.022x0.028" slot MBT prescription maxillary central incisor brackets * 15 uncoated 0.019 x 0.025" stainless-steel wires. All brackets and wires used were of American Orthodontics, St. Paul, USA. Surface modification of wires and brackets was carried out using the Vacuum Coating Unit model by Thermal Vacuum Evaporation method with silver nanoparticles (10 nm size). The frictional resistance of all brackets and wires was checked using Universal Testing Machine. RESULTS: On comparison of maximum load, it was found that friction was highest in group 3, followed by group 1, group 4 and group 2. The mean difference between all groups was found to be statistically significant with a P value Group 1> Group 2> Group 3 *Wire roughness: Group 4> Group 1> Group 2> Group 3. CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that friction was least when only the wire was coated with silver and the bracket was uncoated and it was the most when the bracket was coated and the wire was uncoated. The surface roughness after the friction test was the least when the wire was uncoated. Key words:Silver nanoparticles, Frictional Resistance, Surface Roughness

Impact of nutrition interventions for reduction of anemia in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-review

The UN Sustainable Development Goal aims at a 50% reduction of anemia in women of reproductive age (WRA) by 2030. Several nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions are targeted across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to reduce anemia. In this meta-review we comprehensively assessed the effectiveness of nutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions on hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) concentrations and the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia among WRA, pregnant women, and lactating women from LMICs. The preparation of the present meta-review followed a double-blinded synthesis process with 3 stages: screening, quality appraisal, and data extraction in Eppi Reviewer. A comprehensive search was performed for systematic reviews (SRs) published between January 2000 and May 2022 using 21 international, national, and regional databases. The methodological quality appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist. A total of 23 SRs evaluated the effects of various nutrition-specific interventions included in the final synthesis. The included SRs included analyses of nutrition-specific interventions such as supplementation of the nutrients iron (n = 7), iron and folic acid (n = 4), vitamin A (n = 3), calcium (n = 2), multiple micronutrients (n = 7), and intravenous iron sucrose (n = 2). Also, SRs on fortification of nutrients included multiple micronutrients (n = 6), iron and folic acid (n = 4), and iron (n = 4). Of the 23 SRs, 22 were of high quality. Iron with or without folic acid supplementation and fortification and vitamin A supplementation consistently showed positive effects on either reduction in the prevalence of anemia or iron deficiency and improving the Hb or SF concentrations in WRA and pregnant women from LMICs. The comprehensive meta-review reported the beneficial effects of iron with or without folic acid, multiple micronutrient supplementation/fortification, and vitamin A supplementation in reducing the prevalence of anemia or iron deficiency and increasing Hb or SF concentrations in WRA from LMICs.The evidence summary was supported by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), by the Systematic Review Program for South Asia (SARH) grant, hosted by the Indian Institute of Public Health–Gandhinagar in collaboration with the University of Bedfordshire, UK, Bangladesh, and BRAC. The funding was solely for research assistance and the report generated during the grant tenure.gold o

Effectiveness of nutrition interventions in low-and middle-income countries: a meta-review

Background: Undernutrition remains an unfinished agenda for a majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Numerous nutrition interventions have been implemented in LMICs and various indicators have been used to measure the impact of these interventions. The aim of this meta-review was to summarise the findings on the effectiveness of various nutrition interventions that have been implemented in LMICs on the WHO global nutrition targets-related outcomes. The six outcomes are- reducing stunting, wasting, anemia among women of reproductive age, low birthweight, childhood overweight, and improving exclusive breastfeeding. This study presents the results for one of the outcomes (stunting). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on 21 electronic databases, including six regional and four systematic reviews (SRs) specific databases. Two researchers independently screened identified records against the inclusion criteria. Quality of included SRs were assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Extracted data were narratively synthesised examining the direction of impact. The review protocol was registered with the EPPI-Centre. Results: Of 6,597 SRs initially identified, 28 SRs that assessed outcomes of WHO global nutrition targets-related outcomes were eligible for inclusion. We found 12 SRs that assessed stunting outcomes, these SRs synthesised 68 quantitative primary studies, from 29 LMICs. All included SRs were of high quality. Eight nutrition interventions were reported in the included SRs- five nutrition-specific (n=9) and three nutrition-sensitive (n=3). Among all interventions, two nutrition-specific (complementary feeding: n=1; dietary supplementation: n=2) interventions showed a positive effect. Conclusion: This meta-review identified, two interventions, complementary feeding and dietary supplementation, with most frequently reported evidence of positive impact on stunting. In LMICs, public health policymakers should consider these two interventions for scaling-up.UK Department for International Development (DFID)https://worldnutritionjournal.org/index.php/wn/about "World Nutrition is an open access journal, with no publication charges to contributors, and all content available to readers at no cost. Authors retain all copyrights to their materials

The hidden crisis: double burden of malnutrition among refugee children in South Asia – a systematic review and meta-analysis from observational studies

BackgroundChildren living in refugee camps in South Asian countries suffer from undernutrition. However, the emerging prevalence of double burden of malnutrition could potentially cause a crisis in the healthcare of the refugee population. Double burden increases the risk for co-morbidities, poor functional health, and increased risk for premature death among these children. The study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among refugee children in South Asia.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis followed the standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines using CoCoPop mnemonic approach. We searched JSTOR, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases for studies on the prevalence of malnutrition in refugee children from 1984 to August 2024 with restricted English language. The screening of research articles was undertaken using COVIDENCE 2.0 software. The JBI checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles. The meta analysis was carried out using MedCalc 22.018 software. The gray literature was manually searched from the reputed organizations focusing on refugee children and was narratively analyzed for malnutrition statistics. Furthermore, the corroboration of primary research articles and gray literature was conducted for comprehensive understanding.ResultsThe review included 10 full-text research articles, all with cross-sectional study design and 11 gray literatures. The 10 studies covered a total of 4,274 participants with 3,536 urban and 738 rural refugee children aged between 0 and 19 years [refugee children (n = 8) and refugee adolescents (n = 2)]. The sample size of the included studies varied between 58 and 1,087 and mostly from Bangladesh. The prevalence of stunting ranged from 3.9–75.4% in the included studies [pooled prevalence: 31.8% (95% CI: 18.6–46.6%)]; wasting between 0.3–24.3% [pooled prevalence:10.1% (95% CI: 4.6–17.3)]; underweight between 4.4–65% [pooled prevalence: 19.1% (95% CI: 10.8–29.2%)]; and overweight between 3 and 24% [pooled prevalence: 6.5% (95% CI: 2.6–12.1%)]. Time trend analysis of the prevalence of malnutrition showed a decreasing trend in underweight, an increasing trend for stunting and wasting, and overweight including a rising prevalence of dual burden of under-and overnutrition.DiscussionThe study indicates a high prevalence of undernutrition and a rising prevalence of overnutrition -the Asian paradox of the double burden of malnutrition in refugee children living in South Asia. The coexisting double burden of malnutrition among refugee children calls for comprehensive programs and policies for the prevention and management of the double burden of malnutrition

Biosynthesis and characterization of a novel, biocompatible medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate by Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 using coconut oil as the carbon source

This study validated the utilization of triacylglycerides (TAGs) by Pseudomonas mendocina CH50, a wild type strain, resulting in the production of novel mcl-PHAs with unique physical properties. A PHA yield of 58% dcw was obtained using 20g/L of coconut oil. Chemical and structural characterisation confirmed that the mcl-PHA produced was a terpolymer comprising of three different repeating monomer units, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, 3-hydroxydecanoate and 3-hydroxydodecanoate or P(3HO-3HD-3HDD). Bearing in mind the potential of P(3HO-3HD-3HDD) in biomedical research, especially in neural tissue engineering, in vitro biocompatibility studies were carried out using NG108-15 (neuronal) cells. Cell viability data confirmed that P(3HO-3HD-3HDD) supported the attachment and proliferation of NG108-15 and was therefore, confirmed to be biocompatible in nature and suitable for neural regeneration