Kontribusi Efektifitas Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru, Dan Motivasi Berprestasi Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru Di Smk Negeri 1 Sukawati

The aim of this study was to find out how much contribution of the principal leadership effectivity, teacher achievement motivation, and teacher pedagogic competency towards teacher performance at SMK Negeri 1 Sukawati. This study is ex-post factor by number of sample were 145 people and number of sample were 30. data collecting methode was questionary and observation technique. Questioner have been used to get data of the principal leadership effectivity, teacher achievement motivation, and teacher pedagogic competency. While the teacher performance got by observation technique. Observation technique have been used to get data of teacher performance from their superior in their working unit. In this case was the principal, the principal of each unit in SMK Negeri 1 Sukawati. Hypotesis test of correlation and contribution each independent variable towards dependent variable have been used partial correlation formula that have purpose to find out value of pure correlation regardless from control variable effect. Testing have been conducted with significancy level of 5%. Based on the result of study can be concluded that effectivity of principal leadership, pedagogic competency, and achivement motivation have significant contribution toward teacher performance in the SMK Negeri 1 Sukawati, either partial and simultaneously. Thus the third variable could as predictor of tend level of teacher performance in the SMK Negeri 1 Sukawati. If viewed from contribution each independent variables, and the principal leadership effectivity as dominant predictor that have effect on the teacher performance in the SMK Negeri 1 Sukawati

Analisis Pemasaran dan Tataniaga Anggur di Bali

Bali grape, especially that effort at Buleleng district is one of local specific commodity thathas great potency to be developed. Marketing aspect is important to support the increasing ofgrape farmer's income. The number of trading institution that involved to grape marketingwill influence to the length of market chain and the amount of market cost. The amount ofmarket cost will point to the higher difference prices between producer farmer and consumer.For that purpose, analysis of marketing and trading of grape was conducted at Bulelengdistrict. The research location was selected using purposive sampling technique at location of‘Primatani Renovasi' assessment at Gerokgak sub district, Buleleng. The research was donefrom August to December 2005 using survey method to 50 grape farmers that selectedrandomly and 20 grape traders that selected using snowball sampling technique. Data wasanalyzed descriptively to financial feasibility, market channeling, market margin, marketintegration, and elasticity of price transmission. The result showed that grape farming systemat Gerokgak sub district had well enough prospective. It was indicated by the increasing ofincome per year and BCR value that has tendency to increase year by year. There was 4 grapemarket channeling model at Buleleng, i. e.: Model 1: farmer – commission agent – collectingtrader – retailer – consumer was 14%; Model 2: farmer – collecting trader – retailer –consumer was 44%; Model 3: farmer – collecting trader – district level trader – retailer –consumer was 34%; and Model 4: farmer – retailer – consumer was 8%. The highest marketmargin was gained by Model 1 (3600 rps/kg), followed by Model 3 (3450 rps/kg) and Model2 (3350 rps/kg). While, the highest share accepted by farmer was for Model 3, i. e. 37,89%,followed by Model 2 (33%) and Model 1 (31%). Market integration degree between market atfarmer level and market at consumer level was low, with coefficient value was 0,199. Valueof elasticity of price transmission was 0,457%. Marketing function done by grape marketexecutor included changing function (buying and selling), physically function (transportation,distribution, and storage), facility function (grading and packing); without certification andlabelling

Comparison of Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome as Acid-Fast Bacilli Staining Methods in Sputum

Because of its simplicity, rapidity, low cost and relatively sensitive, sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy is the primary tool for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis and follow up of therapy. This experiment is aimed to determine the best acid-fast staining method that can be used for routine laboratory examination, especially in the high burdened clinical laboratory. We compared the sensitivity, specivity, and the positive and negative predictive value of 3 kinds of methods : Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The smear results were observed using IUTLD scale. Twenty seven of 98 sputum specimens from 98 patients with clinical suspicion of tuberculosis (27,6 %) were positive by culture. The sensitivity of Tan Thiam Hok, Ziehl Neelsen and Fluorochrome were 62,9%, 81,5% and 92,6%, while the specivity were 92,9%, 91,6% and 91,1% respectively. The positive predictive value were 77,3 %, 78,6 %, 71,4 % , and the negative predictive value were 86,8 %, 92,9 %, 96,8 % respectively. Although fluorochrome gave the highest sensitivity, it needs special expensive equipments. We conclude that Ziehl Neelsen is still the method of choice for detecting AFB in sputum microscopically

Pemberian Pakan Basah pada Ayam Buras untuk Menurunkan Rasio Konversi Pakan (FCR)

Native chicken is one of the livestock that is widely maintained in rural areas in Bali, to fulfil meat and eggs as a food consumption and also for religious ceremonies. However, the population of native chicken continues to decline until 4.15% in average every year due to high price of feed and nature behaviour of the chicken that picks food either by mouth or legs causes a lot of food to be wasted. To minimize the amount of wasted food, given the wet form of feed given in accordance with the needs for production. The study was carried out in Tembuku Subdistrict, Bangli Regency, using 90 laying hens which were divided into 3 group of treatments each with 30 chickens and differentiated between wet feed and dry (ordinary) feed. Where P0 is control, P1 is given Bio L Probiotics 3 cc.liter-1 of drinking water and P2: P1 + Herbs 4 cc.liter-1 of drinking water. The results showed that P0B: 56.71% P0K: 57.54%; P1B: 58.9; P1K 59.73% and P2B: 61.08; P2K: 60.15. The highest productivity were found at P2B and P2K. While the FCR achieved by each treatment were P0B: 3.35; P0K; 3.56; P1B: 3.07; P1K: 3.24 and P2B: 2.98; P2K: 3.13. These results indicate that the providing of wet feed produces a lower FCR than dry feed. The providing of Bio L probiotics could increase productivit

Implementation of LED fluorescence microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary and HIV-associated tuberculosis in a hospital setting in Indonesia

Contains fulltext : 118612.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Fluorescence microscopy (FM) has not been implemented widely in TB endemic settings and little evaluation has been done in HIV-infected patients. We evaluated diagnostic performance, time and costs of FM with light-emitting diodes technology (LED-FM), compared with conventional (Zieh-Neelsen) microscopy in a hospital in Indonesia which acts as referral centre for HIV-infected patients. METHOD: We included pulmonary tuberculosis suspects from the outpatient and HIV clinic. Direct and concentrated sputum smears were examined using LED-FM and ZN microscopy by two technicians who were blinded for the HIV-status and the result of the comparative test. Mean reading time per slide was recorded and cost of each slide was calculated. Mycobacteria culture served as the reference standard. RESULTS: Among 404 tuberculosis suspects from the outpatient clinic and 256 from the HIV clinic, mycobacteria culture was positive in 12.6% and 27%, respectively. The optimal sensitivity of LED-FM was achieved by using a threshold of >/=2 AFB/length. LED-FM had a higher sensitivity (75.5% vs. 54.9%, P<0.01) but lower specificity (90.0% vs 96.6%, P<0.01) compared to ZN microscopy. HIV was associated with a lower sensitivity but similar specificity. The average reading time using LED-FM was significantly shorter (2.23+/-0.78 vs 5.82+/-1.60 minutes, P<0.01), while costs per slide were similar. CONCLUSION: High sensitivity of LED-FM combined with shorter reading time of sputum smear slides make this method a potential alternative to ZN microscopy. Additional data on specificity are needed for effective implementation of this technique in high burden TB laboratories

Dengue viral infection in Indonesia: Epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and mutations from an observational cohort study.

BackgroundDengue virus (DENV) infection is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Indonesia. Diagnostic inaccuracy may occur due to its varied and non-specific presentation. Characterization of DENV epidemiology, clinical presentation, and virology will facilitate appropriate clinical management and public health policy.Methodology/principal findingsA multicenter observational cohort study was conducted in Indonesia to assess causes of acute fever requiring hospitalization. Clinical information and specimens were collected at enrollment, 14-28 days, and 3 months from 1,486 children and adults. Total of 468 (31.9%) cases of DENV infection were confirmed by reference laboratory assays. Of these, 414 (88.5%) were accurately diagnosed and 54 had been misdiagnosed as another infection by sites. One hundred initially suspected dengue cases were finally classified as 'non-dengue'; other pathogens were identified in 58 of those cases. Mortality of DENV infection was low (0.6%). Prior DENV exposure was found in 92.3% of subjects >12 years. DENV circulated year-round in all cities, with higher incidence from January to March. DENV-3 and DENV-1 were the predominant serotypes. This study identified DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site, leading to failure of serotype determination.Conclusions/significanceDENV is a common etiology of acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia. Diagnostic accuracy at clinical sites merits optimization since misdiagnosis of DENV infection and over-estimation of dengue can negatively impact management and outcomes. Mutation at the annealing site of the serotyping primer may confound diagnosis. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing. Policy-makers should prioritize development of laboratory capacity for diagnosis of DENV

Circulating DENV serotypes by study year and site.

Circulating DENV serotypes by study year and site.</p