1,155 research outputs found
Escaping the Trap of too Precise Topic Queries
At the very center of digital mathematics libraries lie controlled
vocabularies which qualify the {\it topic} of the documents. These topics are
used when submitting a document to a digital mathematics library and to perform
searches in a library. The latter are refined by the use of these topics as
they allow a precise classification of the mathematics area this document
addresses. However, there is a major risk that users employ too precise topics
to specify their queries: they may be employing a topic that is only "close-by"
but missing to match the right resource. We call this the {\it topic trap}.
Indeed, since 2009, this issue has appeared frequently on the i2geo.net
platform. Other mathematics portals experience the same phenomenon. An approach
to solve this issue is to introduce tolerance in the way queries are understood
by the user. In particular, the approach of including fuzzy matches but this
introduces noise which may prevent the user of understanding the function of
the search engine.
In this paper, we propose a way to escape the topic trap by employing the
navigation between related topics and the count of search results for each
topic. This supports the user in that search for close-by topics is a click
away from a previous search. This approach was realized with the i2geo search
engine and is described in detail where the relation of being {\it related} is
computed by employing textual analysis of the definitions of the concepts
fetched from the Wikipedia encyclopedia.Comment: 12 pages, Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics 2013 Bath,
U
Roman Law and Mohammedan Jurisprudence, Part 2
In examining the early life of the Romans and comparing it with the social condition of the people of the Arabian peninsula in the pre-Islamic times, who are rightly considered the best type of the race, amongst those who embraced the faith of Mohammed, we are immediately struck with the great similarity that existed between the Roman gens; or the Greek Ï’Îνος; and the Arabian Akila, though it cannot thereby be concluded that this likeness necessarily denotes a descent from the same stock. A distinguished French orientalist, in observing this striking similarity, ventured to conjecture that both people, namely, the Romans and the Arabs, have a common origin, tracing respectively their ancestry to the Semitic and Indo-Germanic races, from whom both are supposed to descend. On the other hand, an eminent English jurist, pointing out the likeness existing between the Indian village community and the Roman gens, does not express the opinion that the latter necessarily derives its origin from India. Notwithstanding the homogeneity of constitution of the various types of expanded families, be they the Roman gens, the Greek Ï’Îνος, the Arabian Akila, or the Indian village communities,--which may or may not be entirely accidental, -still it may be said that the grouping of people into families can be ascribed rather to their natural tendency to form bodies politic for a reciprocal protection and defense, than to a common original or descent from the same race
Roman Law and Mohammedan Jurisprudence (part 1)
A comparison of the Roman law with Mohammedan jurisprudence, is a task not easy to accomplish, nor can an essay on that theme be made comprehensive enough to embrace all the ramifications of both legal systems. The object, therefore, of the present article, is to make only a cursory comparison of them; and to demonstrate their similarity in more than one point, showing the close analogy existing between them, and the influence that the laws of Rome exercised in the development of the Islamic legislation. As in the early days of Rome, law and religion had a close connection with each other, so in the countries professing the faith of Mohammed, theology and jurisprudence were firmly linked together. The Arabs, who were the first converts to that religion, accepted the divine messages, not only as a new faith, prescribing their duties to God, but also as a law enjoining upon them adherence to certain rules in their relations to man. The Prophet was of their race, and his opinions and commandments helped them to fix their beliefs and regulate their conduct
International Status of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg and the Kingdom of Belgium in Relation to the Present European War
The case of Belgium presents an entirely different aspect both from the legal and the political point of view. While the guarantee of the neutrality of Luxemburg interests---or interested at the time of the signature of the Treaty of 1867 -- France and Prussia only, and the other contracting parties (and particularly Great Britain) acceded to it, to use the \u27reluctantly, words of Lord Stanley, that of Belgium had and has an entirely different character so far as England is concerned. It affects her vital interests, namely, her own security. Hence the difference in the wording of the instrument guaranteeing the independence and neutrality of Belgium, and the alarm felt in Great Britain whenever an attempt was made for the violation of the stipulations of the latter treaty
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