The Changing Face of a Religious City: tourism and the perceptional modernisation of a host community

Tourism and its impacts on cultural or religious assets can be contentious issues for some communities, for other communities, however, tourism has been an important part of revenue production. Balancing the outcomes of tourism development is not an easy task particularly for religious sites. Some religious sites have recently become aware of tourism’s positive gains - not so long ago, many religous beliefs did not permit the use of religious values for commercial benefits. In particular, muslims do not allow the selling of religious assets as a form of commercial production. But ‘globalization’ and economic reasons have lead to the transformation of many destinations. So, development of tourism results in new meanings - more than just faith and spirituality based ones - in religious sites. Although religious motivations can limit the residents’ thinking on commercial gains, residents have to evaluate modern global trends. This study aims to show a case of a religious city’s transformation, based on tourism development. Konya is a Central Anatolian religious city, well known for its hosting of Mevlâna and his museum (the English-speaking world knows him simply as Rumi, the greatest Sufi philosopher and theologian). When looking back into the past, because of the religious identity of Konya, residents had been recognised as a conservative community. According to research interviewees’ statements, this conservative vision resulted in tourism being undervalued, even ignored by residents until the late 1990s. In addition to interviews, a questionnaire was developed for measuring residents’ perception and a sample of 269 responses were evaluated. Questionnaire results show that most of the residents have positive perceptions of tourism’s economic and social effects, despite having some drawbacks regarding environmental and social effects. Finally, it can be said, Konya, as a religious İslamic city, has transform into a modern commercial city and the economic and marketing effects of tourism have had a positive role in this process

Noncontact lateral-force gradient measurement on Si(111)-7×7 surface with small-amplitude off-resonance atomic force microscopy

In this work, the authors report on a quantitative investigation of lateral-force gradient and lateral force between a tungsten tip and Si(111)-(7×7) surface using combined noncontact lateral-force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Simultaneous lateral-force gradient and scanning tunneling microscopy images of single and multiatomic step are obtained. In our measurement, tunnel current is used as feedback. The lateral-stiffness contrast has been observed to be 2.5 N/m at a single atomic step, in contrast to 13 N/m at a multiatomic step on Si (111) surface. They also carried out a series of lateral stiffness-distance spectroscopy, which show a sharp increase in tip-surface interaction stiffness as the sample is approached toward the surface

Effects of magnesium sulphate on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model

Aim: To investigate the protective efficacy of magnesium sulphate in a model of rat liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Method: 32 adult female Wistar-Albino rats (250 to 350 g) were used in this experimental study. Rats were divided into 4 groups according to liver ischemia and magnesium sulfate application methods. Group 1 (C); control, group 2 (M); magnesium sulphate, group 3 (I/R); liver I/R, group 4 (I/R+M); I/R + magnesium sulphate treated. The blood samples were centrifuged for the study of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) troponin I, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) assays. The livers of the animals were removed at the end of the study and samples were taken for histopathological examination. Results: AST and INR values were significantly decreased in I/R+M group compared to I/R group. There was no significant difference in ALT values of the groups. Although not statistically significant, the TAS values were increased in I/R + M group compared to I/R group rats. In addition, the value of TOS was found to be lower in I/R + M group rats. In the histopathological examination, the mean values of apoptosis and necrosis were lower in the IR+M group compared to the IR group. Conclusion: The main finding of the present study suggested that magnesium sulphate pretreatment moderately decreased the liver damage through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in a rat model of liver I/R

Enhancing gamma-ray dose estimation with machine learning techniques and a novel directional spectrometer

ope

The Evaluation of Traffic Accident Deaths in Corum Province

Injuries and deaths related to traffic accidents play an important role in daily works of forensic medicine. For this reason, forensic experts need to have enough knowledge about the deaths caused by traffic accidents. Autopsy and dead examinations were retrospectively evaluated in patients who died due to traffic accidents in a 5 years period between 01.01.2005 and 31.12.2009 in the province of Corum. Cases were evaluated according to their age, sex, cause of death, and death place. It was emphasized to detect the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients who died as a result of a traffic accidents and compared with similar studies in the literature. There were 141 cases traffic accident deaths, 98(%69.5)were male and 43 (30.5%) were female, age ranged between 7 months and 81 years and the average age was found to be 34.4. Male / female ratio was calculated to be 2.3. The largest group was pedestrians deaths 59 (41.8%), 32 deaths were between the ages of 21-30, 29 cases were between the ages of 0-10, 96 (68.1%) of the cases died in the hospital. Prevention from traffic accidents which is a major public health problem as well as in the world and in our country. We should educate the pedestrians and drivers, and ensure the compliance of the roads and vehicles for traffic and get full implementation of safety measures. [Med-Science 2013; 2(3.000): 738-45

Re: Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture: look to see Reply

WOS: 00026155260004

Modified Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity: Riemann-Cartan and pseudo-Riemannian cases

WOS: 000382366800003A modified Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity in four dimensions where the quadratic Gauss-Bonnet term is coupled to a scalar field is considered. The field equations of the model are obtained by variational methods by making use of the constrained first-order formalism covering both pseudo-Riemannian and non-Riemannian cases. In the pseudo-Riemannian case, the Lagrange multiplier forms, which impose the vanishing torsion constraint, are eliminated in favor of the remaining fields and the resulting metric field equations are expressed in terms of the double dual curvature 2-form. In the non-Riemannian case with torsion, the field equations are expressed in terms of the pseudo-Riemannian quantities by a perturbative scheme valid for a weak coupling constant. It is shown that, for both cases, the model admits a maximally symmetric de Sitter solution with non-trivial scalar field. Minimal coupling of a Dirac spinor to the Gauss-Bonnet modified gravity is also discussed briefly

Assessment the Levels of Knowledge and Awareness about Organ and Tissue Donation among The Staff of Ministry of Health Ordu University Training and Research Hospital

The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and awareness about organ and tissue donation among the staff from Ordu University Education and Resarch Hospital. The 25 item questionaire was prepared and administered to 297 person who accepted to participate in the study. At the end of the study age, sex, and educational level did not change the status of being organ donors. But also thinking about organ donation was unchanged between different age groups, genders, and educational levels. The aim of this study is also to attract attention to the organ and tissue donation and also to raise awareness about this issue. Study has laid out that the level of staff knowledge about organ and tissue donation and also staff interest are not enough. The subject should be reminded to all society starting from health professionals. The importance of organ donation must be emphasized more often in the media. [Med-Science 2013; 2(2.000): 548-56

Morphologic features of the acetabulum

WOS: 000233034900004PubMed ID: 16096799Introduction: The embryology and development of the hip joint are complex. The acetabulum is not always of the same shape, width, or depth. Minor anatomical abnormalities in the acetabular shape, joint congruences are frequent. Controversies still exist on the importance of these variations and help to prevent problems following in surgical procedures such as acetabular reconstruction and femoracetabular impingement. Material and methods: The aim of this study is to provide the location of the unusual facets, the acetabular point, and the anterior ridge of the acetabulum based on a morphological study of human pelvic bones. Morphologic features of the acetabulum, particularly determination of unusual facets, were studied in 226 human coxal bones. Results: In adult coxal bones the acetabular fossa has an irregular clover-leaf shape, the superior lobe being smaller than the anterior and the posterior lobes. Measured lunate surface area varied between 14.5 and 30.5 cm(2). A smooth unusual facet was found anteroinferior to the lunate surface in 62 acetabulums. Measured along the long axis, its size varied between 11 and 17 mm. Three different shapes of the unusual facet were as follows: oval (32.26%), piriform (45.16%), and elongated (22.58%). The prevalence of the piriform facet shape was higher in males. In 59.68% of the bones it extended to the superior ramus of the pubis, and in the remaining 40.32% it was limited within the acetabular margin. It is postulated that this facet could be a consequence of a particular posture, which results in traction of the ligaments attached to this area. Four distinct configurations were identified relative to the anterior acetabular ridge. The majority 98 (43.36%) were curved: 64 (28.33%) were angular; 37 (16.37%) were irregular; and 27 (11.94%) were straight. Conclusion: There have been no reports on details such as unusual facets, acetabular point, and anterior ridge of the acetabulum in a single research. These findings will be of help in planning reorientation procedures, using spikes, screws, and press-fitting for fixation

Effect of Organizational justice on Work Engagement in Healthcare Sector of Turkey

WOS: 000447088800005Work engagement is a concept that reflects a positive way of thinking that relates to commitment and involvement to one's organization, his/her enthusiasm and energy. In relevant literature there is a wide range of studies focusing on the relation between work engagement and a set of variables. Thus this study was executed to analyze the effect of organizational justice on work engagement. Implementation stage of the research was conducted on healthcare personnel working in a state hospital in Turkey and data were collected from 414 healthcare employees. Conducted analyses revealed that the correlations between subdimensions of organizational justice and work engagement were positive and in medium level. In the regression analysis which was implemented to measure the effect of subdimensions of organizational justice on work engagement it was identified that subdimensions of organizational justice perception in tandem explained 33 per cent of total variance. It can thus be claimed that climbing organizational justice perception increases in turn in a statistically significant way the work engagement level of the personnel. As regards work engagement, the most significant effect was created by procedural justice subsequently followed by distributive and interactional justice