Experimental Design of Electrocoagulation and Magnetic Technology for Enhancing Suspended Solids Removal From Synthetic Wastewater

Design of experiments (DOE) is one of the statistical method that is used as a tool to enhance and improve experimental quality. The changes to the variables of a process or system is supposed to give the optimal result (response) and quite satisfactory. Experimental design can defined as a test or series of test series by varying the input variables (factors) of a process that can known to cause changes in output (response). This paper presents the results of experimental design of wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation (EC) technique. A combined magnet and electrocoagulation (EC) technology were designed to increase settling velocity and to enhance suspended solid removal efficiencies from wastewater samples. In this experiment, a synthetic wastewater samples were prepared by mixing 700 mg of the milk powder in one litre of water and treated by using an acidic buffer solution. The monopolar iron (Fe) plate anodes and cathodes were employed as electrodes. Direct current was varied in a range of between 0.5 and 1.1 A, and flowrate in a range of between 1.00 to 3.50 mL/s. One permanent magnets namely AlNiCo with a magnetic strength of 0.16T was used in this experiment. The results show that the magnetic field and the flowrate have major influences on suspended solids removal. The efficiency removals of suspended solids, turbidity and COD removal efficiencies at optimum conditions were found to be more than 85%, 95%, and 75%, respectively

Penilaian Kinerja Lingkungan pada Proyek Konstruksi

Industri konstruksi menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan disebabkan oleh meningkatnya volume limbah yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas konstruksi itu sendiri. Berbagai literatur menunjukkan bahwa upaya mengurangi limbah (reducing waste) menjadi sangat penting untuk dilakukan di semua tahapan kontruksi karena sampai saat ini masih menjadi cara terbaik dalam pengelolaan dan penanganan limbah. Penelitian yang ada di seluruh dunia telah banyak mengevaluasi berbagai dampak limbah dan energi yang ditimbulkan selama kegiatan kontruksi. Paper ini membahas tentang berbagai model penilaiaan (assessment) kinerja lingkungan dari suatu penelitian sebelumnya yang telah digunakan secara Internasional. Dan paper ini menyajikan kajian kritis dari metode terbaru dalam penilaian kinerja lingkungan dari proyek-proyek konstruksi. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja lingkungan antara lain: Contractor’s Environmental Performance Scoring System (C-EPSS), Environmental Performance Assessment (EPA), Building Waste Assessment Score (BWAS) Waste Management Performance Evaluation Tool (WMPET) dan Environmental Performance Score (EPS)

Penilaian Kinerja Lingkungan pada Proyek Konstruksi

Industri konstruksi menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan disebabkan oleh meningkatnya volume limbah yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas konstruksi itu sendiri. Berbagai literatur menunjukkan bahwa upaya mengurangi limbah (reducing waste) menjadi sangat penting untuk dilakukan di semua tahapan kontruksi karena sampai saat ini masih menjadi cara terbaik dalam pengelolaan dan penanganan limbah. Penelitian yang ada di seluruh dunia telah banyak mengevaluasi berbagai dampak limbah dan energi yang ditimbulkan selama kegiatan kontruksi. Paper ini membahas tentang berbagai model penilaiaan (assessment) kinerja lingkungan dari suatu penelitian sebelumnya yang telah digunakan secara Internasional. Dan paper ini menyajikan kajian kritis dari metode terbaru dalam penilaian kinerja lingkungan dari proyek-proyek konstruksi. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja lingkungan antara lain: Contractor’s Environmental Performance Scoring System (C-EPSS), Environmental Performance Assessment (EPA), Building Waste Assessment Score (BWAS) Waste Management Performance Evaluation Tool (WMPET) dan Environmental Performance Score (EPS)

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Electrocoagulation technque in enhancing COD and suspended solids removal to improve wastewater quality

This paper presents a preliminary study for the removal of COD and suspended solids in wastewater treatment by combining magnetic field and electrocoagulation (EC) technology. The experiments were carried out using batch apparatus and setup in the static method. Batch experiments with two monopolar iron (Fe) plate anodes and cathodes were employed as electrodes. Wastewater samples were prepared from milk powder with an initial COD of 1,140 mgL-1 and suspended solids of 1,400 mgL-1 and acidic conditions were employed (pH ~ 3). DC current was varied from 0.5–0.8 A and operating times were between 30 and 50 min. The results show that the effluent wastewater was very clear (turbidity ~9 NTU) and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard. The suspended solids and COD removal efficiencies were as high as 30.6 and 75.5%, respectively. In addition, the experimental results also show that the electrocoagulation could neutralise the pH of wastewater