Correlation between Coronary Artery Diseases and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a significant association with diabetes mellitus. There are numerous studies showing that decreasing cholesterol is effective in improving cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to identify the correlation between coronary artery diseases (CADs) and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.Patients and methods: In the Cardiology Department of Zagazig University Hospitals we conducted this case-control study. 140 patients with type 2 DM were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 70 people with type 2 diabetes who had CADs and group 2 that included 70 patients with type 2 DM who had no signs of CADs (admitted complaining of symptoms of angina or CA showing no significant stenotic lesions). Angiographic examination and fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were performed for all patients. Moreover, comprehensive history was taken, cardiovascular risk profiles and laboratory investigations such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were done.Results: CAD group were significantly higher regarding BMI as it was distributed as 28.77 ± 2.3 and 30.04 ± 3.03 between No-CAD and CAD respectively. There was no significant difference or association between smoking or hypertension and CAD. SBP and DBP were significantly higher among CAD. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were significantly higher among CAD group than in No-CAD group. CAD group showed significantly higher TG and LDLc distribution than No-CAD group.Conclusion: Increased triglycerides and decreased HDL levels were associated with CVD among diabetic patients

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Coagulation Profile and Platelet Indices in Yemeni Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Aden Governorate

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induces a hypercoagulable state that increases thrombotic risk. Objective: This study evaluated coagulation parameters and platelet indices in Yemeni adults with T2DM and their correlation with glycemic control. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 T2DM patients and 100 healthy controls from major hospitals in Aden Governorate between January and February 2025. Coagulation tests (PT, APTT) were performed using STA-R Evolution, and platelet indices (MPV, PDW) were analyzed via Sysmex XN-550. Glycemic control was assessed by HbA1c. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26. Results: Most patients (86%) had poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Diabetic patients demonstrated significantly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) compared with healthy controls (13.69 ± 1.74 sec vs. 12.10 ± 1.20 sec, p &lt; 0.001), shortened APTT (31.38 ± 4.16 sec vs. 35.20 ± 3.50 sec, p &lt; 0.001), and elevated MPV (9.03 ± 0.92 fL vs. 8.70 ± 1.10 fL, p = 0.015) and PDW (16.8 ± 2.1% vs. 15.2 ± 1.8%, p = 0.01) compared to controls. A strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and MPV (r = 0.52, p &lt; 0.001). An MPV cut-off &gt; 11.5 fL predicted thrombotic risk with 78% sensitivity and 85% specificity (AUC = 0.82). Conclusion: Yemeni T2DM patients demonstrate significant hemostatic abnormalities strongly linked to poor glycemic control. MPV represents a cost-effective, accessible marker for thrombotic risk stratification. We propose its integration into routine diabetic care protocols in Yemen and similar resource-limited settings.

An investigation on the potential of utilizing aluminum alloys in the production and storage of hydrogen gas

The interest in hydrogen is rapidly expanding because of rising greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of fossil resources. The current work focuses on employing affordable Al alloys for hydrogen production and storage to identify the most efficient alloy that performs best in each situation. In the first part of this work, hydrogen was generated from water electrolysis. The Al alloys that are being examined as electrodes in a water electrolyzer are 1050-T0, 5052-T0, 6061-T0, 6061-T6, 7075-T0, 7075-T6, and 7075-T7. The flow rate of hydrogen produced, energy consumption, and electrolyzer efficiency were measured at a constant voltage of 9 volts to identify the Al alloy that produces a greater hydrogen flow rate at higher process efficiency. The influence of the electrode surface area and water electrolysis temperature were also studied. The second part of this study examines these Al alloys’ resistance to hydrogen embrittlement for applications involving compressed hydrogen gas storage, whether they are utilized as the primary vessel in Type 1 pressure vessels or as liners in Type 2 or Type 3 pressure vessels. Al alloys underwent electrochemical charging by hydrogen and Charpy impact testing, after which a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture surfaces of both uncharged and H-charged specimens. The structural constituents of the studied alloys were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis and were correlated to the alloys’ performance. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the water electrolysis temperature, electrode surface area, and electrode material type ranked from the highest to lowest in terms of their influence on improving the efficiency of the hydrogen production process. The 6061-T0 Al alloy demonstrated the best performance in both hydrogen production and storage applications at a reasonable material cost

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe