1998-1999 Monitoring Strategy, Kentucky River Basin Management Unit

During the fall of 1997 and spring of 1998 about 40 individuals and more than 30 organizations and agencies provided input into the development of a monitoring strategy for the Kentucky River basin under the Kentucky Watershed Management Framework. In addition to the agencies that were able to commit resources to the monitoring effort, citizen input was sought in the design of the strategy. Citizen monitoring efforts are also providing valuable information in many portions of the state. The intent of the coordinated planning process was to carefully consider agency resources and capabilities, taking into account where and when each was conducting field work, in order to make the best use of available resources and collect the best information at the least cost. The result should be better information for watershed management and protection, decision making, and demonstration of progress in programmatic activities. Another objective of the coordinated planning effort was to take a multimedia approach by considering surface water and groundwater, water quality and quantity, biology, toxicity, fish tissue, and sediment. All media are not fully represented. A method for integrating atmospheric deposition with other data is not yet available. Groundwater sampling and data recording protocols are still being finalized. Nor does the final plan pretend to represent a fully comprehensive strategy for characterizing all resource conditions. However, the results of the planning effort do represent a significant stride toward the goal of a comprehensive multimedia watershed monitoring strategy. The overall sampling effort includes data collected from 90 of the 97 11-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) watersheds in the Kentucky River basin. A standard set of sampling protocols was agreed to, and cross-training sessions were provided for biological collections and habitat assessments. This report provides a summary of sampling efforts along with a standard set of water quality parameters and sampling regimes that were designed around types of land use/land cover to allow maximum utilization of programmatic resources and best characterization of water quality resources. Where possible, sampling sites for the various media utilized the same sampling sites or were placed in close proximity to each other, providing multiple lines of evidence for site assessments. Information is also presented in a way that puts rotating basin monitoring (the monitoring resources progress from basin to basin under the Watershed Management five-year cycle) into context with other ongoing statewide efforts, including other locally based monitoring, prioritization, and planning

Hydraulic Model Database for Applicated Distribution Systems Research

Hypothetical and simplified models have been essential to the momentous work of the last 50 years in water distribution systems analysis. However, as researchers continue to improve the way water distribution systems are modeled and analyzed with advancements in technology, it is imperative that the research community has access to a variety of hydraulic datasets that are more representative of real systems and offer a wide range of operating conditions for algorithm development and evaluation. At the 2013 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress in Cincinnati, Ohio, the ASCE Task Committee on Research Databases for Water Distribution Systems was formed with the purpose of developing an online, open access repository of water distribution system hydraulic model files for use in applied scientific research. The current database has been updated and migrated to the University of Kentucky’s UKnowledge web portal which serves as an online repository of research which is freely accessible to the public and maintained by University of Kentucky library. Over the last few years, KWRRI staff have developed narratives for each system that include a primary contributor, a schematic of the system, a model description, a brief history of each system, and a link to a list of publications that have referenced or used the model. Additionally, each narrative contains a table that lists basic system properties such as the maximum daily demand and the number of pipes, junctions, tanks, reservoirs, pumps, valves, hydrants, customers, and water meters. Additional classification metrics (e.g., grid, loop, or branch system) have also been provided. The current database is divided into eight basic datasets and includes: • Historic literature datasets (both hypothetical and skeletonized real-world systems). • Historic software user manual examples from KYPIPE and EPANET. • Models used in “Battle of Networks” competitions. • The Kentucky dataset. • The Kentucky valve dataset. • Models of components of several US Cities. • Models of components of several International Cities. • Synthetic Systems. Detailed statistics about each system are provided in the Table of Database Systems

\u3cem\u3eWater Expert\u3c/em\u3e: A Conceptualized Framework for Development of a Rule-Based Decision Support System for Distribution System Decontamination

Significant drinking water contamination events pose a serious threat to public and environmental health. Water utilities often must make timely, critical decisions without evaluating all facets of the incident. The data needed to enact informed decisions are inevitably dispersant and disparate, originating from policy, science, and heuristic contributors. Water Expert is a functioning hybrid decision support system (DSS) and expert system framework that emphasizes the meshing of parallel data structures in order to expedite and optimize the decision pathway. Delivered as a thin-client application through the user\u27s web browser, Water Expert\u27s extensive knowledgebase is a product of inter-university collaboration that methodically pieced together system decontamination procedures. Decontamination procedures are investigated through consultation with subject matter experts, literature review, and prototyping with stakeholders. This paper discusses the development of Water Expert, analyzing the development process underlying the DSS and the system\u27s existing architecture specifications. Water Expert constitutes the first system to employ a combination of deterministic and heuristic models which provide decontamination solutions for water distribution systems. Results indicate that the decision making process following a contamination event is a multi-disciplinary effort. This contortion of multiple inputs and objectives limit the ability of the decision maker to find optimum solutions without technological intervention

Flying Squirrel–associated Typhus, United States

In March 2002, typhus fever was diagnosed in two patients residing in West Virginia and Georgia. Both patients were hospitalized with severe febrile illnesses, and both had been recently exposed to or had physical contact with flying squirrels or flying squirrel nests. Laboratory results indicated Rickettsia prowazekii infection

Changes in body composition and performance with supplemental HMB-FA+ATP (Manuscript Clarification)

Additional co-authors: Matthew D. Vukovich, Colin Wilborn, and Darryn S. Willoughb

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and Exercise

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals. Based on the current available literature, the position of the Society is as follows: 1) An acute exercise stimulus, particularly resistance exercise, and protein ingestion both stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and are synergistic when protein consumption occurs before or after resistance exercise. 2) For building muscle mass and for maintaining muscle mass through a positive muscle protein balance, an overall daily protein intake in the range of 1.4–2.0 g protein/kg body weight/day (g/kg/d) is sufficient for most exercising individuals, a value that falls in line within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range published by the Institute of Medicine for protein. 3) There is novel evidence that suggests higher protein intakes (\u3e3.0 g/kg/d) may have positive effects on body composition in resistance-trained individuals (i.e., promote loss of fat mass). 4) Recommendations regarding the optimal protein intake per serving for athletes to maximize MPS are mixed and are dependent upon age and recent resistance exercise stimuli. General recommendations are 0.25 g of a high-quality protein per kg of body weight, or an absolute dose of 20–40 g. 5) Acute protein doses should strive to contain 700–3000 mg of leucine and/or a higher relative leucine content, in addition to a balanced array of the essential amino acids (EAAs). 6) These protein doses should ideally be evenly distributed, every 3–4 h, across the day. 7) The optimal time period during which to ingest protein is likely a matter of individual tolerance, since benefits are derived from pre- or post-workout ingestion; however, the anabolic effect of exercise is long-lasting (at least 24 h), but likely diminishes with increasing time post-exercise. 8) While it is possible for physically active individuals to obtain their daily protein requirements through the consumption of whole foods, supplementation is a practical way of ensuring intake of adequate protein quality and quantity, while minimizing caloric intake, particularly for athletes who typically complete high volumes of training. 9) Rapidly digested proteins that contain high proportions of essential amino acids (EAAs) and adequate leucine, are most effective in stimulating MPS. 10) Different types and quality of protein can affect amino acid bioavailability following protein supplementation. 11) Athletes should consider focusing on whole food sources of protein that contain all of the EAAs (i.e., it is the EAAs that are required to stimulate MPS). 12) Endurance athletes should focus on achieving adequate carbohydrate intake to promote optimal performance; the addition of protein may help to offset muscle damage and promote recovery. 13) Pre-sleep casein protein intake (30–40 g) provides increases in overnight MPS and metabolic rate without influencing lipolysis