Emergent Predication Structure in Hidden State Vectors of Neural Readers

A significant number of neural architectures for reading comprehension have recently been developed and evaluated on large cloze-style datasets. We present experiments supporting the emergence of "predication structure" in the hidden state vectors of these readers. More specifically, we provide evidence that the hidden state vectors represent atomic formulas $\Phi[c]$ where $\Phi$ is a semantic property (predicate) and $c$ is a constant symbol entity identifier.Comment: Accepted for Repl4NLP: 2nd Workshop on Representation Learning for NL

Who did What: A Large-Scale Person-Centered Cloze Dataset

We have constructed a new "Who-did-What" dataset of over 200,000 fill-in-the-gap (cloze) multiple choice reading comprehension problems constructed from the LDC English Gigaword newswire corpus. The WDW dataset has a variety of novel features. First, in contrast with the CNN and Daily Mail datasets (Hermann et al., 2015) we avoid using article summaries for question formation. Instead, each problem is formed from two independent articles --- an article given as the passage to be read and a separate article on the same events used to form the question. Second, we avoid anonymization --- each choice is a person named entity. Third, the problems have been filtered to remove a fraction that are easily solved by simple baselines, while remaining 84% solvable by humans. We report performance benchmarks of standard systems and propose the WDW dataset as a challenge task for the community.Comment: To appear at EMNLP 2016. Our dataset is available at tticnlp.github.io/who_did_wha

CIP-CSLR Scheme for Condensation and Evaporation Calculations of Water Droplets

We present a number-density advection based method designed to calculate the condensation and evaporation of water droplets. An Eulerian-in-radius discretization scheme is adopted, making the present model suitable for use in the spectral bin model for cloud microphysics. The advection equation is solved using the constrained interpolated profile-conservative Semi-Lagrangian with rational function (CIP-CLSR) scheme. In order to evaluate the present method based on the CIP-CSLR scheme, we have performed test calculations for a sequence of condensation and evaporation using the present method and conventional methods, and then compared the results. The comparisons have revealed the advantages of the present method in terms of numerical accuracy, numerical stability, conservation and computational cost

Molecular Interaction Between the Microenvironment and FLT3/ITD+ AML Cells Leading to the Refractory Phenotype

Internal tandem duplication mutations in the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD) are detected in 10–15% of children and 30% of adult patients with AML and are associated with an extremely poor prognosis. Although several antagonists against FLT3/ITD have been developed, few of them are effective for the treatment of FLT3/ITD+ AML because of the emergence of drug-resistant cells. The mechanisms responsible for drug resistance include the acquisition of additional mutations in the FLT3 gene and/or activation of other prosurvival pathways such as microenvironment-mediated resistance. Recent studies have strongly suggested that the reciprocal interaction between the microenvironment and AML cells generates specific machinery that leads to chemoresistance. This chapter describes the molecular mechanism responsible for the refractory phenotype of FLT3/ITD+ AML cells resulting from the communication between the microenvironment and FLT3/ITD+ leukemia cells. Understanding this mechanism enables the discovery of novel and innovative therapeutic interventions for resistant FLT3/ITD+ AML