Probabilistic Simulation for FEA

Python script used for the probabilistic simulation of all finite element model

MODEL B

This folder contains all finite element models and the simulation results for Model B and its subsequent modifications in terms of impact force angle and location.All sub-folders contain a "read me.txt" file that describes all metadata

Scaling outcomes for impact impulse.

<p>a) vertical impact impulse; b) horizontal impact impulse. Black markers denote forelimb walk data; grey markers denote forelimb slow run data; dark blue markers denote hind limb walk data; light blue markers denote hind limb slow run data. The correspondingly coloured trendlines represent the scaling outcome generated by the LMM analysis.</p

Standard errors of model fit (impact impulse).

<p>a) vertical impact impulse (walk); b) horizontal impact impulse (walk). Black markers denote forelimb walk data; blue markers denote hind limb walk data. The corresponding shaded areas show two standard errors from the fitted model. Although the intersection suggests that smaller species (below ∼750 kg M_b) have greater forelimb impact impulses, whereas larger species appeared to have greater hind limb impact impulses, the standard errors associated with model fitting mean these limb differences are not statistically significant.</p

Scaling outcomes for peak impact force amplitude.

<p>a) peak vertical impact force amplitude; b) peak horizontal impact force amplitude. Black markers denote forelimb walk data; grey markers denote forelimb slow run data; dark blue markers denote hind limb walk data; light blue markers denote hind limb slow run data. The correspondingly coloured trend lines represent the scaling outcome generated by the LMM analysis.</p

Subject information.

<p>Subject information.</p

Scaling outcomes for effective foot mass (M<i>_eff</i>).

<p>Black markers denote forelimb walk data; grey markers denote forelimb slow run data; dark blue markers denote hind limb walk data; light blue markers denote hind limb slow run data. The correspondingly coloured trendlines represent the scaling outcome generated by the LMM analysis.</p

Scaling outcome for peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF).

<p>Black markers denote forelimb walk data; grey markers denote forelimb slow run data; dark blue markers denote hind limb walk data; light blue markers denote hind limb slow run data. The correspondingly coloured trendlines represent the scaling outcome generated by the LMM analysis.</p

Scaling outcomes for loading rate.

<p>a) maximum average loading rate (calculated over 0.5% rolling window throughout the impact period); b) maximum instantaneous rate of force application. Black markers denote forelimb walk data; grey markers denote forelimb slow run data; dark blue markers denote hind limb walk data; light blue markers denote hind limb slow run data. The correspondingly coloured trendlines represent the scaling outcome generated by the LMM analysis.</p

Schematic diagram of a single limb’s 2D force trace showing impact parameters of interest.

<p>a) peak vertical impact force amplitude; b) peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) amplitude; c) impact duration; d) vertical horizontal impact impulse and e) horizontal impact impulse; f) total decelerative impulse over the entire stance; g) total accelerative impulse over the entire stance.</p