Magnetic resonance diffusion and perfusion for differentiation of low grade from high grade glioma

Глиомите са най-честите първични мозъчни тумори с годишна заболеваемост от 5-10 случая на 100 000 в западните популации. Те са водещата причина за смърт сред децата и възрастните, диагностицирани с мозъчна неоплазма. Глиомите се оценяват по класификацията на СЗО чрез хистопатологични степени от I до IV. Степени I и II се считат за нискостепенни, докато III, IV са високостепенни. Въпреки че са хистологично доброкачествени, повечето от туморите II ст. ще се трансформират в злокачествените III и IV степени в интервала от 5-10 години от поставяне на диагнозата. Тези степени са важни, тъй като определят терапевтичния подход и прогнозата при пациентите с глиоми. Високостепенните глиоми се подлагат на хирургия и/или лъчетерапия, и/или химиотерапия, имат по-лоша прогноза. Нискостепенните глиоми имат понякога консервативно лечение. Конвенционалните МР образи осигуряват важна информация относно наличието на контрастноусилване, едем, далечни туморни фокуси, кръво-излив, некроза, масс ефект и т.н., които са полезни при характеризирането на туморната агресивност и оттам туморната степен. Съвременните физиологични МР техники като МР дифузия и перфузия дават информация за туморната физиология като микроваскуларитет, ангиогенеза, и целуларитет, всяка от които е също важна при определяне на туморната степен. Дифузионната МР техника оценява структурата на тумора целуларитет, водно съдържимо. Перфузионната МР техника е маркер за капилярната плътност и неоваскуларизация.Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors with an annual incidence of 5-10 cases per 100,000 in Western populations. They are the leading cause of death among children and adults diagnosed with brain neoplasm. Gliomas are valued at the WHO classification by histopathological grades I to IV. Grades I and II are considered low-grade, while III, IV grades are high grade. Although they are histologically benign tumors most of II grade will transform into malignant grades III and IV in the range of 5-10 years of diagnosis. These grades are important because, they define therapeutic approach and prognosis in patients with gliomas. High grade gliomas were subjected to surgery and / or radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy, have a poor prognosis. Low-grade gliomas have sometimes conservative treatment. Conventional MR images provide important information on the presence of contrast enhancement, oedema, distant tumor foci, hemorrhage, necrosis, mass effect, etc., which are useful in the characterization of tumor aggressiveness and hence tumor grade. Modern techniques such as physiological techniques- MR diffusion and perfusion provide information about tumor physiology as microvascularity, angiogenesis, and cellularity, all of which are also important in determining the tumor grade. MR diffusion technique evaluates the structure of the tumor-cellularity, water content. MR perfusion technique is a marker for capillary density and neovascularisation

Endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke

 Stroke remains a major health care challenge worldwide and is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in developed countries. The management of acute ischemic stroke has advanced greatly over the past 20 years. Now the treatment of stroke can be describe with one word- variety.The current review is dedicated to the problems of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke. The different methods of treatment, pros and cons of each of them, discussing the different options for the patients are presented.

The Relationship Between Genetic Variants at Loci 9p21, 6q25.1, and 2q36.3 and the Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Patients

Background: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is an accelerated form of coronary artery disease (CAD) that is characterized by concentric fibrous intimal hyperplasia along the length of coronary vessels, and is recognized as long-term complication after heart transplantation. The chromosomal loci 9p21, 6q25.1, and 2q36.3, represented by their respective leading variants rs10757274, rs6922269 and rs2943634, have been linked with a history of CAD by genome-wide association studies. We aimed to investigate the associations of genetic variants at the loci 9p21, 6q25.1, and 2q36.3 with CAV as genetic risk factors for early prediction. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from paired aortic samples of 727 heart recipients (average age 50.8 ± 12.2 years; 21.3% women) and corresponding donors (average age 39.7 ± 12.0 years; 26.1% women). The variants within the loci 9p21, 6q25.1, and 2q36.3 were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Results: The recipients’ variants of 9p21 (OR 1.97; 95% CI, 1.21-3.19 for GG vs. +A comparison, p = 0.0056) and 2q36.3 (OR 2.46; 95% CI, 1.12–6.17 for +C vs. AA comparison, p = 0.0186) were associated with higher incidence of CAV during the first year following heart transplantation. No such association was found for donor genotypes. Conclusions: Our data suggest that variants at the locus 9p21 (rs10757274) and 2q36.3 (rs2943634) are associated with early CAV development

Le Lexique des émotions

Les émotions et les affects sont plus que jamais dans l’air du temps : elles sont au cœur des débats en neurosciences, en philosophie, en psychologie cognitive et en traitement automatique du langage avec l’analyse des sentiments et opinions. Dans cet ouvrage, c’est exclusivement sous l’angle linguistique et à travers de nombreuses langues que la question des affects est abordée. Ce sont ici les mots des émotions (comme par exemple joie, amour, bonheur, colère, peur, angoisse), si souvent récalcitrants aux classifications rigides, qui sont caractérisés à travers leur environnement lexical et syntaxique. Les seize contributions de ce volume jettent un éclairage nouveau sur le lexique des émotions, abordé dans des langues variées (français, espagnol, russe, polonais, grec) et à travers plusieurs approches linguistiques, d’inspiration structurale ou cognitive, mais qui toutes accordent une place essentielle à la combinatoire linguistique. Si les études proposées dans cet ouvrage abordent des enjeux théoriques essentiels comme la construction du sens à travers les associations des lexies exprimant des affects ou la structuration du champ sémantique des émotions, elles débouchent aussi sur des applications utiles pour la linguistique, comme l’enseignement structuré de la phraséologie en Français Langue Étrangère (FLE), la classification automatique des unités lexicales en Traitement Automatique du Langage (TAL) ou un traitement plus systématique en lexicographie

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes