9 research outputs found

    From Villain to Hero: The Role of Disengaged Terrorists in Social Reintegration Initiatives

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    Convicted terrorists released from prison often experience social stigma, exclusion, and difficulties reintegrating into society. Authorities have identified the utility of using formerly convicted and released terrorists or disengaged terrorists as an intermediary to help and support terrorist inmates as they go through social reintegration processes. This article explores their role as an intermediary who advocates for fair treatment and rights for their fellow ex-inmates, assisting families and helping them undergo the reintegration process. This research involved interviews with members of three foundations: Yayasan Persadani, Hubbul Wathon Indonesia 19, and DeBintal. By analysing the narrative of the participants, this study found that social reintegration efforts led by disengaged terrorists fostered a sense of social belonging and connectedness among ex-inmates. In addition, these foundations offer valuable assistance to terrorist inmates while ensuring community safety. They serve as a reliable support system during times of need and act as a communication bridge between them and the government. This framework positions these foundations as integral components in addressing concerns about the effectiveness of government-led integration initiatives. The approach adopted by these foundations has positive effects on preventing the re-engagement of released inmates with extremist networks. Despite the need to measure the effectiveness of these initiatives comprehensively, efforts made by these foundations provide potential for societal resilience against terrorism

    Dinamika Otoritas Keagamaan di Indonesia

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    The Family Context and It's Role in Making Jihadists: The Case of Jihadist Families in Indonesia

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    The role of families in producing terrorists is much debated among scholars and counter-terrorism officials. While many experts acknowledge that families are important to creating the conditions that lead to an individual's involvement violent extremism. This is especially so for those who are members of families that have a history of radicalism. But few scholars studied families where the parents have disengaged from jihadism or have never been jihadist or even devoutly religious. What is the impact of these family environments on radicalising their offspring? This thesis uses psychosocial methods to examine different types of families in order to analyse what affect varying conditions within those families will have upon the radicalisation and terrorist involvement of younger members. Using data from in-depth interviews with, and observations of, 31 families of jihadists and convicted terrorists from across Java, Indonesia, my study argues that family context is important in creating conditions for early radicalisation via the transmission of values and behaviour that create a form of 'ready loyalty' or fidelity. Such fidelity is crucial to explaining whether someone becomes a jihadist or terrorist. In so doing, this thesis fills gaps within the scholarly literature on families and extremism. I categorise the families into three groups. The first I call Active Jihadist families because parents or other influential family members have ongoing involvement in a radical activity and have had sons convicted of jihadism. The second type of family is termed Inactive Jihadist and comprise parents who have had historical involvement in radical activity but have disengaged either ideologically or organisationally, and whose children have not become jihadists. The third type is the Non-Jihadist family, which, as the name suggests, has parents with no historical involvement in radical activity but nonetheless have had sons convicted of terrorism. With this categorisation of families, I set out the risk factors relating to the possibility of a family member being either more disposed to becoming a terrorist or able to resist extreme radicalisation. My analysis of these families focuses in particular, on the socialisation of values between parents and children, including values either accepting or rejecting violence extremism. This thesis draws on Erikson's concept of 'fidelity', which refers to the need to be loyal to someone. Families create conditions in which fidelity toward jihadism can lead individuals to radicalise early in life, particularly so for those coming from Active Jihadist families. For Inactive Jihadist families, the values transmitted to the children incline against involvement in jihadism. By contrast, individuals coming from Non-Jihadist families receive no grounding in jihadist thinking and have familiarity with jihadist leaders or organisations. In these cases, there is usually no explicit socialisation taking place and thus fidelity was not created between children and parents. This leaves the children vulnerable to external influences which in some cases results in them become jihadists. Many of these Non-Jihadist families are dysfunctional, which inhibits parent-child socialisation

    Penagaruh Kebiasaan Terhadap Ingatan

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    Intergenerational influence: the pathway to radicalisation

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    In January 2023, Askary Sibghotulhaq, the son of former Jemaah Islamiyah leader Parawijayanto, appeared in court on charges of facilitating the departure of members of the banned group for military training in Syria. Analysts had anticipated that Askary would be his father’s successor as the next JI leader because of his religious knowledge, military training, and kinship networks. His case highlights the prevalence of intergenerational radicalisation within Indonesian terrorist networks.Published versio

    Women, faith, and authority: Malama Zainab Ja'afar and the navigation of religious authority in Northern Nigeria

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    This research examines female religious authority in northern Nigeria, with a specific emphasis on Malama Zainab Ja'afar Mahmood Adam. The research investigates how Malama Zainab negotiates her authority amidst controversies surrounding her public presence as a preacher and Qur'anic exegete within the male dominated Izala movement, a prominent reform movement with widespread influence throughout West Africa and beyond. Employing a qualitative approach, the study delves into Malama Zainab's background, social capital development, and association with Izala, utilizing both secondary sources and indepth interviews with her. The findings highlight Malama Zainab's efforts in bringing women to the forefront within mosque spaces and other gender-segregated settings, fostering their religious participation publicly. While her public activities primarily target female audiences, her preaching and proselytizing reach males through social media platforms, expanding her influence beyond traditional boundaries. Importantly, the findings also shed light on how the historical exclusion of women in socio-religious spaces in northern Nigeria is based on cultural and traditional interpretations rather than explicit religious prohibitions. Hence, the research contributes to the broader understanding of female religious authority, shedding light on the under-recognition of female scholars in comparison to their male counterparts in many Muslim-majority countries.

    Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Perempuan Muslim Berbasis Teknologi Digital dan Nilai Toleransi

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    This book is written in Indonesian and the title is translated as ‘Muslim Women’s Economic Empowerment based on Digital Technology and Tolerance Value’. It draws on research funded by the Ford Foundation Jakarta between 2018-2020. This research shows empirical case studies in three strongly Islamic locations in Indonesia, West Java, Lombok and South Sulawesi. This book shows that micro, small and medium enterprises, traditionally run by women, are growing in rural areas. Women’s economic roles have been enhanced by the use of digital technologies and these are not only increasing the economic roles of Muslim women but also are creating a supportive culture for gender equality in Indonesia. This book shows that in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population of any country in the world, Muslim women are making use of emergent digital economy opportunities and consequently they are playing an increasingly important role in strengthening the rural economy in Indonesia

    Pemberdayaan : ekonomi perempuan muslim berbasis teknologi digital dan nilai toleransi

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    Kami berharap buku ini dapat membantu pemerintah dan lembaga-lembaga terkait dalam menggunakan model yang tepat untuk pemberdayaan perempuan peserta UMKM di daerah pedesaan dan mendorong lebih kuat lagi upaya pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan khususnya di daerah pedesaan, di mana agama menjadi modal positif bagi keberdayaan perempuan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.xviii, 182 hlm, 25 x 17,4 c
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