AÇÕES COLETIVAS E PRÁTICAS SUSTENTÁVEIS NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: EXPERIÊNCIAS NO NORDESTE PARAENSE

Este relato de experiência explora a importância das ações coletivas no Nordeste Paraense para o uso de práticas sustentáveis entre agricultores familiares. O estudo baseia-se em observação de campo e relatos de agricultores visitados durante uma viagem de campo da disciplina de Agroecologia e Sistemas Agroflorestais da UFPA, nos municípios de Irituia, São Domingos do Capim e Tomé-Açu. Destacou-se a importância da organização social para fortalecer a agricultura familiar, facilitar a adoção de práticas sustentáveis como a agricultura orgânica e os sistemas agroflorestais e impulsionar a economia local. Somado a isso, a união dos agricultores permitiu parcerias com instituições de pesquisa, assistência técnica e acesso a políticas públicas, evidenciando que esse processo é crucial para o desenvolvimento sustentável do meio rural

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Avaliação do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos gerados em supermercados do município de Belém/PA

O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos é um tópico amplamente debatido na sociedade do século 21, especialmente quando se trata da sua disposição. Supermercados são produtores não apenas de resíduos sólidos, mas também de resíduos orgânicos, e uma parcela significativa do que é gerado não recebe a destinação apropriada. No entanto, os resíduos orgânicos podem ser reutilizados de várias maneiras para reduzir o impacto ambiental e agregar valor ambiental e econômico aos subprodutos, como sua utilização na compostagem e na produção de biogás. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a gestão dos resíduos orgânicos de supermercados localizados em Belém. Para alcançar esse objetivo, conduziu-se uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, utilizando questionários, em seis estabelecimentos supermercadistas da capital paraense. Foram entrevistados funcionários dos departamentos de açougue, hortifrúti e peixaria. Evidenciou-se que os setores de hortifrúti são os principais geradores de resíduos orgânicos, e parte desses resíduos, provenientes desses três setores dos supermercados, é encaminhada para empresas especializadas que os transformam em subprodutos de maior valor, como adubo e ração animal. Portanto, conclui-se que é crucial promover a conscientização ambiental para garantir o descarte adequado dos resíduos e explorar novas abordagens para a reutilização dos resíduos orgânicos

Cytotoxicity and In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Antimony (V), Bismuth (V), and Tin (IV) Complexes of Lapachol

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2018-12-05T16:00:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cytotoxicity and In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Antimony.pdf: 800319 bytes, checksum: 963f00dbb2b33bc6c354fb135c6f1b09 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2018-12-05T16:07:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cytotoxicity and In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Antimony.pdf: 800319 bytes, checksum: 963f00dbb2b33bc6c354fb135c6f1b09 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-05T16:07:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cytotoxicity and In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Antimony.pdf: 800319 bytes, checksum: 963f00dbb2b33bc6c354fb135c6f1b09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Exatas. Departamento de Química. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Exatas. Departamento de Química. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Exatas. Departamento de Química. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Parasitologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Leishmania amazonensis is the etiologic agent of the cutaneous and diffuse leishmaniasis often associated with drug resistance. Lapachol [2-hydroxy-3-(3′-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone] displays a wide range of antimicrobial properties against many pathogens. In this study, using the classic microscopic in vitro model, we have analyzed the effects of a series of lapachol and chlorides complexes with antimony (V), bismuth (V), and tin (IV) against L. amazonensis. All seven compounds exhibited antileishmanial activity, but most of the antimony (V) and bismuth (V) complexes were toxic against human HepG2 cells and murine macrophages. The best IC50 values (0.17 0.03 and 0.10 0.11 g/mL) were observed for Tin (IV) complexes (3) [(Lp)(Ph3Sn)] and (6) (Ph3SnCl2), respectively. Their selective indexes (SIs) were 70.65 and 120.35 for HepG2 cells, respectively. However, while analyzing murine macrophages, the SI decreased. Those compounds were moderately toxic for HepG2 cells and toxic for murine macrophages, still underlying the need of chemical modification in this class of compounds

A influência do estresse na incidência de infarto em indivíduos jovens durante a pandemia / The influence of stress on the incidence of heart attack in young individuals during the pandemic

Introdução: O infarto agudo do miocárdio é um processo necrótico miocárdico, devido a isquemia tecidual provocada por diversos fatores, muitos destes já conhecidos, estando relacionado com alterações provocadas pelo estresse excessivo. Os eventos estressores podem ser descritos como acontecimentos contrários a um resultado esperado conectados a um estresse mental e físico, intimamente relacionados ao aparecimento de várias doenças que podem levar à morte, entre estas, destaca-se o infarto agudo do miocárdio. Assim, é necessário atenção às alterações fisiológicas e fatores desencadeados pelo estresse, que se amplificaram no contexto da COVID-19. Objetivo: Relacionar os efeitos provocados por eventos estressores na fisiologia humana com o aumento da incidência de infarto agudo do miocárdio em indivíduos jovens na pandemia de 2020. Metodologia: Este trabalho possui uma natureza quantitativa, baseado em uma revisão da literatura médica. Foram utilizadas fontes (MedLine), (SciELO), dados disponibilizados pelo DataSUS e livros disponíveis em plataformas digitais. Resultados: Através deste trabalho evidenciou-se a relação de eventos estressores diários no aumento de doenças cardiovasculares que acometem jovens, e, principalmente, sua influência na incidência de infarto agudo do miocárdio com significativo aumento quando comparado os períodos pré-pandemia e pós pandemia nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Sul do Brasil. Conclusão: Estresse físico e mental são fatores que afetam diretamente o corpo humano, deixando-o mais suscetível ao Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio, com considerável aumento da incidência na pandemia indicando que condições estressantes também aumentaram neste período

Primary Health Care Follow-Up Visits: Investigation Of Care Continuity Of Preterm Newborns From A Kangaroo-Mother Care Unit

INTRODUCTION: The kangaroo-mother care method is an approach adopted in Brazil as a public police, which has helped in the reduction of neonatal mortality rate. Premature birth and its vulnerabilities can trigger, especially in mothers, feelings of fear and insecurity related to taking care of newborns. OBJECTIVE: Investigate care continuity of preterm newborns from a kangaroo-mother care method unit in primary health care facilities. METHODS: It was a transversal study performed with 43 mothers of preterm newborns who were hospitalized in the rooming-in care unit of a kangaroo-mother care method unit of a Brazilian public maternity school. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire, which was used to interview mothers between September 2015 and February 2016. RESULTS: It was found a relationship between sociodemographic status and risk of premature birth, and the following variables: age, education, marital status, and family income. Regarding findings from the follow-up home visits in primary health care, most of the participants were still breastfeeding and using the kangaroo position. However, 60.5% of the interviewed mothers reported not receiving home visits from health professionals of primary health care facilities. CONCLUSION: It is essential the support of health professionals and the participation of mothers and families to improve, through health education, quality of life promotion for newborns from kangaroo care approach

Avaliação de características dos regimes de umidade na flona de Caxiuanã-PA durante o experimento COBRA-PARÁ Evaluation of characteristics of the moisture regimes in Caxiuanã national forest during COBRA-PARÁ experiment

Procura-se investigar a validade de um método de classificação de regimes de umidade, baseado na caracterização de diferentes "estados" da Camada Limite Atmosférica Tropical (CLAT), acima de uma área de floresta, de acordo com a metodologia proposta por Mahrt (1991). Para essas análises foram utilizados dados de radiossondagens e de uma torre micrometeorológica, coletados durante o período menos chuvoso da região, obtidos durante o experimento "COBRA-PARÁ" (realizado no período de 30/10 a 15/11 de 2006). A análise dos regimes de umidade consiste na representação em espaço de fase dos dados disponíveis da razão de Bowen (&#946;), em função do parâmetro -h/L (onde h é a altura da camada de mistura turbulenta e L é o comprimento de Obukhov). Dependendo da localização dos dados nesse espaço foi possível caracterizar as seguintes classes: classe I - ar seco e instável; classe II - vento seco predominante; classe III - vento úmido; classe IV - condição úmida e instável; classe V - condensação de vapor d'água na superfície; classe VI - condição estável dominante; e classe VII -formação de orvalho induzido por radiação noturna resfriando a superfície. Das classes mencionadas, aquelas mais freqüentemente observadas em Caxiuanã, foram as III, IV e VI.<br>We investigate the validity of a method of humidity regimes classification, based on different "states" characterization of the Tropical Atmospheric Boundary Layer (TABL), above a forest area, according to the methodology proposed by Mahrt (1991). To perform this investigation we used radiosonde information and micrometeorological tower data collected during the drier season of the region, during the experiment "COBRA-PARÁ" (carried out from 30/10 to 15/11, 2006). The analysis of moisture regimes is based on the "phase space" data representation, where the Bowen ratio (&#946;) is plotted against the -h/L parameter (where h is the height of the turbulent mixing layer and L is the Obukhov length scale). According to the location of the data value in this "phase space" it was possible to identify the following classes: Class I - dry air and unstable conditions, Class II - dry wind, Class III - wet wind, Class IV - wet air and unstable conditions, Class V - occurrence of water condensation on the surface, Class VI - stable conditions predominance and Class VII - dew formation generated by nocturnal radiative losses with surface cooling. Among the mentioned classes, the III, IV and VI were the most frequently observed at Caxiuanã

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data