Evidence for a companion to BM Gem, a silicate carbon star

Balmer and Paschen continuum emission as well as Balmer series lines of P Cygni-type profile from H_gamma through H_23 are revealed in the violet spectra of BM Gem, a carbon star associated with an oxygen-rich circumstellar shell (`silicate carbon star') observed with the high dispersion spectrograph (HDS) on the Subaru telescope. The blue-shifted absorption in the Balmer lines indicates the presence of an outflow, the line of sight velocity of which is at least 400 km s^-1, which is the highest outflow velocity observed to date in a carbon star. We argue that the observed unusual features in BM Gem are strong evidence for the presence of a companion, which should form an accretion disk that gives rise to both an ionized gas region and a high velocity, variable outflow. The estimated luminosity of ~0.2 (0.03-0.6) L_sun for the ionized gas can be maintained by a mass accretion rate to a dwarf companion of ~10^-8 M_sun yr^-1, while ~10^-10 M_sun yr^-1 is sufficient for accretion to a white dwarf companion. These accretion rates are feasible for some detached binary configurations on the basis of the Bond-Hoyle type accretion process. We concluded that the carbon star BM Gem is in a detached binary system with a companion of low mass and low luminosity. However, we are unable to determine whether this companion object is a dwarf or a white dwarf. The upper limits for binary separation are 210 AU and 930 AU for a dwarf and a white dwarf, respectively. We also note that the observed features of BM Gem mimic those of Mira (omi Cet), which may suggest actual similarities in their binary configurations and circumstellar structures.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Ap

A Substellar Companion to the Intermediate-Mass Giant 11 Com

We report the detection of a substellar companion orbiting the intermediate-mass giant star 11 Com (G8 III). Precise Doppler measurements of the star from Xinglong station and Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO) revealed Keplerian velocity variations with an orbital period of 326.03 +/- 0.32 days, a semiamplitude of 302.8 +/- 2.6 m/s, and an eccentricity of 0.231 +/- 0.005. Adopting a stellar mass of 2.7 +/- 0.3 M_solar, the minimum mass of the companion is 19.4 +/- 1.5 M_Jup, well above the deuterium burning limit, and the semimajor axis is 1.29 +/- 0.05 AU. This is the first result from the joint planet search program between China and Japan aiming at revealing statistics of substellar companions around intermediate-mass giants. 11 Com b emerged from 300 targets of the planet search program at OAO. The current detection rate of a brown dwarf candidate seems to be comparable to that around solar-type stars within orbital separations of $\sim$3 AU.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Ap

Relação da produção de serapilheira com incremento em diâmetro de uma floresta madura na Amazônia Central

During the last decades, meteorological extreme events were frequent in the Amazon region. Floods followed by severe droughts can affect the dynamics of carbon in the forest, which is closely linked to environmental conditions of humidity. The litter and the growth of the trees are the main components of above ground net primary production. The objective of this study was to quantify the litter production and the diameter growth of trees, investigating their correlation with the seasonal rains in central Amazonian. The study was developed at the Experimental Station of the National Institute for Research in the Amazon (INPA), ZF2, Manaus-AM, Brazil, in two transects with dimensions of (20×2500m). The litter samples were collected with 120 litter traps and the growth of the trees was obtained through dendrometric bands installed on 250 trees. Precipitation was obtained by automated equipment (gauges) installed in the study area. The litter production for the period was 7.1 ± 0.23 Mg ha-1.year-1 on the plateau, 6.3 ± 0.15 Mg ha-1.yea-1 in the low land (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). The litter production was different per topographical classes (n=120, p=0.008). The correlation of litter and rain for the plateau was r=-0.83 (p=0.001) and r =-0.70 (p=0.011) for the low land. The average diameter increment of 250 trees was 1.43 ± 0.18 mm.year-1 (95% CI). The increment on the plateau was 1.46 ± 0.18 mm.year-1 and 1.35 ± 0.26 mm.year-1 (95% CI) in the low land, with weak evidence (n=250 and p=0.23) that the increments between topographic classes were not different. The correlation between rainfall and the mean increment of trees for the period studied was r=0.55 (p=0.063). The correlation between the production of litter and the increment in diameter of the trees was r =-0.60 (p=0.06). The correlation for topographical classes plateau is r=-0.51 (p=0.087) and low land is r=-0.57 (p=0.055). When the forest has a positive increase, this indicates that the trees are absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; while in the high litter production period, the trees show smaller increments and the carbon balance may be negative. All these relationships have an important and strongly correlated variable factor: rain

Transgenic Monkey Model of the Polyglutamine Diseases Recapitulating Progressive Neurological Symptoms

Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and the polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, are becoming prevalent as a consequence of elongation of the human lifespan. Although various rodent models have been developed to study and overcome these diseases, they have limitations in their translational research utility owing to differences from humans in brain structure and function and in drug metabolism. Here, we generated a transgenic marmoset model of the polyQ diseases, showing progressive neurological symptoms including motor impairment. Seven transgenic marmosets were produced by lentiviral introduction of the human ataxin 3 gene with 120 CAG repeats encoding an expanded polyQ stretch. Although all offspring showed no neurological symptoms at birth, three marmosets with higher transgene expression developed neurological symptoms of varying degrees at 3–4 months after birth, followed by gradual decreases in body weight gain, spontaneous activity, and grip strength, indicating time-dependent disease progression. Pathological examinations revealed neurodegeneration and intranuclear polyQ protein inclusions accompanied by gliosis, which recapitulate the neuropathological features of polyQ disease patients. Consistent with neuronal loss in the cerebellum, brain MRI analyses in one living symptomatic marmoset detected enlargement of the fourth ventricle, which suggests cerebellar atrophy. Notably, successful germline transgene transmission was confirmed in the second-generation offspring derived from the symptomatic transgenic marmoset gamete. Because the accumulation of abnormal proteins is a shared pathomechanism among various neurodegenerative diseases, we suggest that this new marmoset model will contribute toward elucidating the pathomechanisms of and developing clinically applicable therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.ArticleeNeuro.4(2):e0250(2017)journal articl

A Possible Substellar Companion to the Intermediate-mass Giant HD 175679

We report the discovery of a substellar companion around the intermediatemass giant HD 175679. Precise radial velocity data of the star from Xinglong Station and Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO) revealed a Keplerian velocity variation with an orbital period of 1366.8 \pm 5.7 days, a semiamplitude of 380.2 \pm 3.2m s.1, and an eccentricity of 0.378 \pm 0.008. Adopting a stellar mass of 2.7 \pm 0.3 M\odot, we obtain the minimum mass of the HD 175679 b is 37.3 \pm 2.8 MJ, and the semimajor axis is 3.36 \pm 0.12 AU. This discovery is the second brown dwarf companion candidate from a joint planet-search program between China and Japan.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, RAA accepte

A pair of giant planets around the evolved intermediate-mass star hd 47366: multiple circular orbits or a mutually retrograde configuration

We report the detection of a double planetary system around the evolved intermediate-mass star HD 47366 from precise radial-velocity measurements at the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, Xinglong Station, and Australian Astronomical Observatory. The star is a K1 giant with a mass of 1.81 ± 0.13 Me, a radius of 7.30 ± 0.33 Re, and solar metallicity. The planetary system is composed of two giant planets with minimum masses of 1.75 +0.20 to -0.17 MJ and 1.86 +0.16 to -0.15 MJ, orbital periods of 363.3 +2.5 to -2.4 days and 684.7 +5.0 to -4.9 days and eccentricities of 0.089 +0.079 to -0.060 and 0.278 +0.067 to -0.094, respectively, which are derived by a double Keplerian orbital fit to the radial-velocity data. The system adds to the population of multi-giant-planet systems with relatively small orbital separations, which are preferentially found around evolved intermediate-mass stars. Dynamical stability analysis for the system revealed, however, that the best-fit orbits are unstable in the case of a prograde configuration. The system could be stable if the planets were in 2:1 mean-motion resonance, but this is less likely, considering the observed period ratio and eccentricity. A present possible scenario for the system is that both of the planets have nearly circular orbits, namely the eccentricity of the outer planet is less than ∼0.15, which is just within 1.4σ of the best-fit value, or the planets are in a mutually retrograde configuration with a mutual orbital inclination larger than 160°

Administration of constituent amino acids of type I collagen stimulates collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice.

application/pdfJournal Article関節リウマチを含む関節炎の症状改善を目的にコラーゲンペプチドが用いられているが、その有効性については未だ明確にされていない。消化されたコラーゲンペプチドの一部はペプチド態のまま血中に移行することから、本研究では、コラーゲン誘導性関節炎モデルであるDBA/1J マウスにニワトリI 型コラーゲン由来のコラーゲンペプチドあるいはそれと同組成のアミノ酸を摂取させて比較検討することにより、ペプチド態としてのコラーゲンペプチドの有効性を検討した。1日あたり100 mg のI 型コラーゲンペプチドあるいはそれと同じ組成のアミノ酸を経口投与することにより、関節での炎症がより強く生じた。関節炎スコア評価ではコラーゲンペプチドの関節炎軽減作用はみられず、関節軟骨におけるマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ3（MMP3）遺伝子発現量の比較でもコラーゲンペプチド投与による有意な変化はみられなかった。一方、アミノ酸投与群では比較的早期から関節炎を発症した上に、マトリックス分解酵素であるMMP13 の発現量が有意に増加しており、コラーゲンペプチドと同組成のアミノ酸の投与により重症化する可能性が示唆された。I 型コラーゲンペプチド配合の健康食品は多く販売されているが、場合によってはその摂取が逆効果となる可能性があり、注意が必要であるものと考えられる。Supplementation of gelatin or collagen peptides has been used to reduce the symptoms of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis, but the efficacy remains uncertain. It is known that ingested collagen peptides are absorbed partly in the form of bioactive peptides. In the present study, we investigated whether the effects of collagen peptide on inflammatory arthritis are due to its bioactive peptide in comparison with its constituent amino acids using DBA/1J mice. Unexpectedly, administration of daily 100 mg of collagen peptide derived from chicken type I collagen (i.e., collagen peptide group) or its constituent amino acids (i.e., amino acid group) rather stimulated collagen-induced arthritis in the DBA/1J mice. No significant difference was observed between amino acid and collagen peptide groups regarding either arthritis score or gene expression of matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), a marker of synovial inflammation. Further, mice in the amino acid group developed arthritis relatively early stage and showed significantly higher expression of MMP13 as compared to those in other group mice, indicating administration of collagen-constituent amino acids possibly promoted the onset of arthritis inflammation in the DBA/1J mice. Many supplements contain gelatin or collagen peptide derived from type I collagen. These results raise a possibility that type I collagen peptide or its constituent amino acid may worsen inflammatory arthritis under some conditions.journal articl

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements