Downlink massive full dimension-multiple input multiple output downlink beamforming analysis at 3.5 GHz using coordinated ON-OFF switching

The long-term evolution and advancement (LTE-A) of the 5G wireless network depends critically on energy consumption. Many existing solutions focus on limiting power constraints and consequently system coverage. So, improving the antenna array elements of the base station (BS) can solve this issue. In this paper, introduce a coordinated ON-OFF switching method in the massive full dimensional multiple input multiple output (massive-FD-MIMO) system. It enhances the radiation pattern of the antenna array element by adjusting the angular power spectra at the BS. By the way, it allows to select the minimum number of antennas for effective beamforming toward specific user equipment’s (UEs). In this context, part of antenna element should be active mode and remining should be sleep mode at the time of signal beamforming. The multipath spatial profiles are decided the beamforming frequency band with minimize energy consumption. As part of the method, we used a conjugated beamforming with power optimization scheme to determine the individual antenna potential and fading channel condition, power optimization is performed. This method quality of service, reliability, energy consumption and data rate can all be evaluated by experimenting with different-sized antenna arrays such as 16×16, 32×32, 64×64 and 128×128

Effect of exogenously applied l-tryptophan and chemical fertilizer on tuber formation of radish

A pot experiment was carried out from August to September 2015 at the Crop Farm, Eastern University Sri Lanka to find out the effect of concentration of L-Tryptophan (LTRP) on tuber formation in radishunder different fertilizer treatments. There were six treatments with three replicates laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with factorial arrangement. The treatment combinations were rates of fertilizer (recommended fertilizer rate by the Department of Agriculture and half of their recommendation) and concentration of L-TRP (0 M, 10-3 M, 10-4 M). Measurements were taken at 45 days after sowing of radish. There was a significant interaction (p<0.05) between the concentration of L-TRP and fertilizer rate on tuber length, tuber diameter and tuber yield per plant of radish. At recommended fertilizer rate and LTRP of 10-4 M, the tuber yield per plant (1.57 fold)alongwith length (1.12 fold) and diameter (0.76 fold) significantly increased over the control. Simultaneously, at half of recommended fertilizer rate, all the parameters such as tuber length (1.31 fold), tuber diameter (0.66 fold) and tuber yield per plant (1.89 fold) were significantly high at 10-3 M of L-TRP over the control. The results indicated that as recommended fertilizer reduced to half of the rate, the concentration of L-TRP increased by 10 foldin order to improve the tuber formation of radish. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of L-TRP as a phytohormone precursor can be used to increase the tuber formation in radish at different fertilizer rate

Organisational Culture in Construction: An Employee Perspective

A large number of stakeholders in construction projects makes the construction industry prone to disputes. The historical separation between design and construction add to this phenomenon by having a consultant for design and a contractor for construction. Communication breakdown, frequently, is the first sign of problems, notably in the relationship between the Contractor and the Consultant. Therefore, it appears that the split between design and construction has given rise to two separate cultures in the construction industry. This paper attempts to identify whether there is a difference in organisational culture between Consultants and Contractors taken as two groups and determine whether a specific attribute was related to the cultural differences between the two entities. Based on case studies it was found that consultants are biased towards Clan culture while contractors are biased towards Market culture. However, both groups show similar affinity to Adhocracy and Hierarchy cultures

GIS based land use change detection of Bandarawela D.S division

Housing, cultivation, food production and resources depend on the quantity and quality of land that a community possesses. Civilization and culture are also intimately connected with land use pattern, ecology and nature. The scope of this study is to identify dramatically changed land use of study area. The study used both primary and secondary data. Data on land use and land cover changes that occurred from 1982 to 2015 in Bandarawela was analyzed by Geographic Information System (GIS) and Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). Conversion of land for individual income generation activities and urbanization have caused much of the land use changes in this area while population growth and policy development of government in relation to the economic development, particularly land and agricultural development policies have also contributed to their. Modernization under industrialization and commercialization is a new development that has considerable impact on land use changes in the area. If current trends are allowed to continue, natural covers will be endangered. In addition to this, overall natural vegetation health will be under question. Therefore, selecting appropriate land use systems that are suitable to the conditions of the study area will be important

Fine mapping of QTL and microarray gene expression studies in arabidopsis using STAIRS

QTL mapping with segregating populations results in poor map resolution which limits the applicability of mapped QTL in further research such as gene cloning. The current research project aimed mainly at developing STepped Aligned Recombinant Inbred Strains (STAIRS) covering the top region of chromosome 3 and demonstrating the feasibility of using STAIRS in high resolution mapping of QTL in Arabidopsis. The top region of chromosome 3 of Arabidopsis had been reported to house QTL related to flowering time. This region was first saturated with 24 polymorphic microsatellite markers and 23 narrow STAIRS were produced within the region via a marker-assisted backcross breeding programme using whole chromosome substitution lines. The analysis of QTL with the narrow STAIRS revealed a major pleiotropic QTL within 2-3 cM affecting flowering time, leaf number at day 20 and rosette and cauline leaf numbers at flowering. A second QTL with less but opposite effect on the same traits were located within 15-20 cM. The search for candidate genes within 2-3 cM of chromosome 3, to locate possible candidate genes revealed COL-2, CONSTANS-Like gene which affects flowering time. Microarray gene expression profiling was performed using the two genotypically closest lines which differ for flowering time to compare the two lines at the same chronological and physiological ages in two experiments respectively. The lists of differentially expressed genes were obtained from the two experiments. Differential expression was observed for the possible candidate gene in the latter experiment. The results emphasized the power of STAIRS in fine mapping of QTL and the possibility of using them in transcriptional profiling to study the expression of genes

Preservation and Conservation of Palm Leaf Manuscripts at the Library of University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Palm leaf manuscripts are one of the vital types of documents containing the indigenous knowledge of Sri Lanka. Treated and seasoned Palmyra leaf was widely used for writing before paper was utilized as writing material. Ancient people were not hesitant to write down their wealth of local knowledge in these palm leaf manuscripts. Today, there is a threat of extinction for the palm leaf manuscripts. The Library, University of Sri Jayewardenepura has launched a project on the Preservation and Conservation of Palm leaf manuscripts to address this issue. This gigantic task is important in preserving indigenous knowledge for future generations. The project began by collecting and physically conserving the palm leaf manuscripts scattered throughout Sri Lanka. In parallel to the project, we established the Preservation and Conservation unit at the library, intending to preserve rare books in addition to the palm leaf manuscripts. We applied established conservation methods according to the defect type found in manuscripts. After conservation, preservation techniques that suit the local environmental conditions were used. Finally, we digitized the complete set of manuscripts where researchers are allowed to use them according to the established policy. DOI: http://doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v07i02.0

Functionalization of Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Environmental Remediation

The rise of environmental exploitation due to human intervention and industrialization is an alarming issue at current times. Carbon-based nanostructures have been in the application of environmental remediation due to their high sorption nature, low toxicity and other beneficial properties. Functionalization of the carbon nanostructures using relevant functional groups improves the performance of the material, which results in the target-specific application. This review focuses on the role of functionalized carbon-based nanostructures in environmental remediation. Methods of functionalization, properties, characterization and applications of those functionalized carbon nanostructures are also discusse

Research Conception of Palm Leaf Manuscript Conservation: Bibliometric Analysis of Scopus database

The most significant and reliable source for learning about the intellectual output of our predecessors is thought to be manuscripts. The bibliometric analysis is used in the study to conduct a social network analysis of the scientific literature on the conservation and preservation of palm leaf manuscripts. The objectives of the study are to identify the format of palm leaf conservation and preservation research publications, to identify which journals are the most fruitful, to identify the most prolific authors and authorship patterns in studies on palm leaf conservation and preservation, etc. "palm leaf manuscripts”, "palm leaf manuscript conservation”, and “conservation and preservation" were keywords that were used to search the documents. Biblioshiny package, an open-source Excel package was used to analyse and visualise the data in the study. Out of 101 research publications, the majority (84) of the research output has been published as journal articles. "Sciences and the global on methods, questions, and theory,"written by Sivasundaram S. in 2010, is one of the most globally cited articles in the field of palm leaf conservation and preservation. From 2002 to 2021, the top author in the field of palm leaf preservation and conservation is Draper J. from Thailand, who presented 3 papers and received the highest citation count of 1.67. India is the most productive country in Asia, with 45 publications of palm leaf manuscript conservation documents. The most relevant affiliation was the University of Khon Kaen in Thailand and the most cited country was the United Kingdom. The authors commonly used the word manuscript, digitization, Buddhism, and conservation. The study recommends that conducted from a broader perspective by covering other relevant databases and using other bibliometric software and packages. KEYWORDS: Bibliometric analysis, Biblioshiny, Conservation and Preservation, Palm leaf manuscripts, Scopus databas

CD19+ B cells in early rheumatoid arthritis

PhD ThesisBackground Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a genetically complex disease which causes inflammation primarily affecting synovial joints. The therapeutic success of B cell depletion in RA has confirmed the clinical relevance of B cells in disease, but their specific role in pathogenesis remains unclear. Aims 1. Identify differences in the transcriptome of CD19+ B cells between RA samples and disease controls 2. Carry out an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis of confirmed RA genetic risk loci 3. Identify RA disease-specific eQTLs 4. Immunophenotype peripheral blood B cells Method 242 patients were recruited, RNA and DNA was extracted for subsequent analyses and parallel flow cytometry data obtained. Results A list of differentially expressed genes, without multiple test correction (MTC), was identified between the transcriptome in RA and disease controls. Web-based analysis tools identified downregulation of B cell receptor (BCR) signalling and pathways involved in transcription and RNA processing in the RA group. A list of differentially expressed genes (with MTC) was identified when samples were divided based on chronological age and inflammatory status, not diagnosis. The eQTL analysis at RA risk loci identified 10 cis eQTLs in B cells and a further 21 potential RA-specific eQTLs which lay outside the known RA risk loci. The RA group had an increased frequency of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells, a postulated regulatory subset Conclusions Age and inflammatory status have a greater influence on the CD19+ B cell transcriptome than RA in this cohort. The genetic component to gene expression is highlighted by the eQTL findings and will aid the prioritisation of genes for downstream functional work. The disease-specific eQTLs identified may indicate novel mechanisms of disease. The absence of a robust diagnostic gene signature between the disease groups examined may relate to the heterogeneity of the B cells examined, as highlighted by differences in the frequency of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells.Wellcome Trus