Thresholds of the 80-pps 250-ms pulse train as a function of stimulation sites.

<p>Stimulation sites deactivated in experimental map 1 are shown in grey. The five randomly chosen stimulation sites deactivated in experimental map 2 are indicated by the square symbol.</p

Scatter plots of thresholds versus the slopes of the normalized forward-masking functions.

<p>Threshold stimulus type is indicated by the y-axis label. Symbols indicate individual ears. The R² values were those that were adjusted for examining two sources of variation in the general linear models. The R² values indicate the strength of correlation between the threshold and masking slopes across sites and ears.</p

Pearson's correlation between thresholds of various stimuli.

<p>Pearson's correlation between thresholds of various stimuli.</p

Speech recognition results.

<p>SRTs (top panel) and percent correct scores for TIMIT sentences in quiet (bottom panel) are shown for individual subjects as well as the group mean using the clinical map (black bars), experimental map 1 (grey bars), and experimental map 2 (white bars). The error bars represent standard error.</p

Univariate general linear models (dependent variable: forward masking slopes).

<p>Univariate general linear models (dependent variable: forward masking slopes).</p

Raw forward masking as a function of probe-masker separation.

<p>Data collected from different ears are shown in separate panels. Symbols indicate stimulation sites. Probe-masker separations (in number of electrodes) left to 0 indicate masker locations basal to the probe. Missing data indicate that the probe site is close to either the basal or apical end of the electrode array. The y axis shows the amount of forward masking (threshold elevation) in dB.</p

Subject demographic.

<p>Subject demographic.</p

A two-phase UWB-based positioning method for indoor non-line-of-sight environments

When positioning in indoor environments using Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) range measurements will degrade positioning accuracy if they are not solved properly. This paper first reviews the existing solutions, and a novel approach named the Two-Phase Target Positioning (TPTP) algorithm is proposed. This algorithm involves a coarse positioning phase followed by a refined positioning phase. In the coarse positioning phase, the residual weighting algorithm is modified and utilized for generating the coarse position estimate which is then used for identifying the NLOS range measurements. In the refinement phase, a joint constraint region is established to facilitate the generation of prior samples within the Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method framework. The Subtraction-Average-based Optimization (SABO) algorithm is employed to update samples and search for the optimal solution, ultimately achieving refined position estimation. Experimental results show the superiority of the TPTP algorithm over both classical and some state-of-the-art positioning algorithms in terms of positioning accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed positioning algorithm exhibits an affordable computational load for real-time applications.</p

In-Gel Determination of L-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity Based on the Visualization of Prussian Blue-Forming Reaction

<div><p>L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is attracting increasing attention due to its important functions. Diverse detection methods with their own properties have been developed for characterization of LAAO. In the present study, a simple, rapid, sensitive, cost-effective and reproducible method for quantitative in-gel determination of LAAO activity based on the visualization of Prussian blue-forming reaction is described. Coupled with SDS-PAGE, this Prussian blue agar assay can be directly used to determine the numbers and approximate molecular weights of LAAO in one step, allowing straightforward application for purification and sequence identification of LAAO from diverse samples.</p> </div

Measurement of LAAO activities produced by <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> sp. B3 (upper) and <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> sp. R3 (lower) treated with different amino acids, L-Leu and L-Met as indicated above the corresponding holes.

<p>On the basis of the diameters of the formed Prussian blue, the concentrations of H₂O₂ produced by LAAO activities were calculated by using the equations in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055548#pone-0055548-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>. The corresponding standard H₂O₂ solutions as indicated above the corresponding holes were used to confirm the accuracy of Prussian blue agar assay for detection of LAAO activity. The diameters of the blue holes were indicated under the holes.</p