Additional file 3: Figure S2. of Telomere shortening leads to an acceleration of synucleinopathy and impaired microglia response in a genetic mouse model

Classification and scoring of phospho-α-synuclein and PK-PET Blot. (A) Classification of phospho-α-synuclein staining into four different scores. Representative pictures for scoring. Score 0: no p-α-synuclein staining, score 1: little staining in brainstem and DpMe, score 2: strong staining in brainstem and DpMe, score 3: strong p-α-synuclein staining in brainstem, DpMe, and cerebellum indicating severe disease progression. (B) Scoring to classify PK-PET Blot. Score 0: no PK resistant aggregates, score 1: light aggregates in brainstem and Deep Mesencepahlic nucleus (DpMe), score 2: clear PK resistant aggregates in brainstem and DpMe, score 3: dominant aggregates in brainstem and DpMe. Score 4: Prominent aggregates in brainstem, DpMe and cerebellum. (PDF 125 kb

Additional file 1: Table S2. of Telomere shortening leads to an acceleration of synucleinopathy and impaired microglia response in a genetic mouse model

Primer sequences which were used for RT-PCR. (DOC 40 kb

Pogonia minor Makino

原著和名: ヤマトキサウ科名: ラン科 = Orchidaceae採集地: 熊本県 人吉市 田野 (肥後 人吉市 田野)採集日: 1974/8/9採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH003082国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95308

Data_Sheet_1.pdf

<p>Rodent models of both aging and obesity are characterized by inflammation in specific brain regions, notably the corpus callosum, fornix, and hypothalamus. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are important for brain development, neural support, and homeostasis. However, the effects of diet and lifestyle on microglia during aging are only partly understood. Here, we report alterations in microglia phenotype and functions in different brain regions of mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) during aging and in response to voluntary running wheel exercise. We compared the expression levels of genes involved in immune response, phagocytosis, and metabolism in the hypothalamus of 6-month-old HFD and LFD mice. We also compared the immune response of microglia from HFD or LFD mice to peripheral inflammation induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, we investigated the effect of diet, physical exercise, and caloric restriction (40% reduction compared to ad libitum intake) on microglia in 24-month-old HFD and LFD mice. Changes in diet caused morphological changes in microglia, but did not change the microglia response to LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Expression of phagocytic markers (i.e., Mac-2/Lgals3, Dectin-1/Clec7a, and CD16/CD32) in the white matter microglia of 24-month-old brain was markedly decreased in calorically restricted LFD mice. In conclusion, LFD resulted in reduced activation of microglia, which might be an underlying mechanism for the protective role of caloric restriction during aging-associated decline.</p

Table_1.docx

<p>Rodent models of both aging and obesity are characterized by inflammation in specific brain regions, notably the corpus callosum, fornix, and hypothalamus. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are important for brain development, neural support, and homeostasis. However, the effects of diet and lifestyle on microglia during aging are only partly understood. Here, we report alterations in microglia phenotype and functions in different brain regions of mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) during aging and in response to voluntary running wheel exercise. We compared the expression levels of genes involved in immune response, phagocytosis, and metabolism in the hypothalamus of 6-month-old HFD and LFD mice. We also compared the immune response of microglia from HFD or LFD mice to peripheral inflammation induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, we investigated the effect of diet, physical exercise, and caloric restriction (40% reduction compared to ad libitum intake) on microglia in 24-month-old HFD and LFD mice. Changes in diet caused morphological changes in microglia, but did not change the microglia response to LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Expression of phagocytic markers (i.e., Mac-2/Lgals3, Dectin-1/Clec7a, and CD16/CD32) in the white matter microglia of 24-month-old brain was markedly decreased in calorically restricted LFD mice. In conclusion, LFD resulted in reduced activation of microglia, which might be an underlying mechanism for the protective role of caloric restriction during aging-associated decline.</p