Modeling the Primary Size Effects of Citrate-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on Their Ion Release Kinetics

Ion release is an important environmental behavior of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and characterization of Ag+ release is critical for understanding the environmental fate, transport, and biological impacts of AgNPs. The ion release kinetics of AgNPs with three primary diameters (20, 40, and 80 nm) were studied by dispersing them in quarter-strength Hoagland medium at two initial concentrations (300 and 600 μg/L). Ag+ release rates were found to depend on primary particle size and concentration, when other environmental factors (e.g., dissolved oxygen and protons) were kept constant. A kinetic model was developed to describe the Ag+ release based on the hard sphere theory using the Arrhenius equation. The model fitted the experimental data well with correlation coefficients of 0.97–0.99, and the model usefully interpreted the dependence of ion release kinetics on the primary particle size and concentration. Moreover, the effects of environmental factors (e.g., dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and salinity) potentially can be interpreted as well. This model provides fundamental insight into the ion release kinetics of AgNPs in aqueous environments, allowing us to better understand and predict the nanotoxicity of AgNPs

Phage-derived anti-idiotype and anti-YTEantibodies in development of MK-1654pharmacokinetic and immune responseassays: supplementary figures

Background: MK-1654 is a fully human monoclonal antibody with YTE mutations currently in phase IIIclinical trials for prophylactic use in protecting infants from human respiratory syncytial virus infection.Materials & methods: We generated anti-idiotype (anti-ID) and anti-YTE antibodies against MK-1654 bypanning with MorphoSys HuCal phage libraries, and used the antibodies in the development of MK-1654 pharmacokinetic (PK) and immune response (IR) assays. Results: Detection of MK-1654 in nonhumanprimate and human nasal wash samples showed combined use of anti-ID and anti-YTE antibodies candeliver desired sensitivity and accuracy in PK studies. IR studies showed anti-ID can serve as suitable positivecontrol in neutralizing antibody assays. Conclusion: Phage-derived anti-IDs and anti-YTEs are suitable forPK and IR assays.</p

Additional file 1 of Randomized controlled trial protocol of health coaching for veterans with complex chronic pain

Additional file 1