Manajemen Program Siaran Lokal Aceh TV Dalam Upaya Penyebarluasan Syariat Islam Dan Pelestarian Budaya Lokal

Managing broadcasting management is not easy. Managing the broadcasting business is a difficult and challenging. This research aims to analyze the activity of management and organizational performance ACEH TV television media in an effort to disseminate the Islamic Sharia and Preservation of Local Culture in Aceh. This research is descriptive qualitative. Informants of this research is managing director, program director, executive producer, cameraman / reporter, as well as additional informants Regional Chairman of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPID) Aceh, Aceh Province Department of Islamic Law, and local media observers. The location of this research is in Banda Aceh, Aceh province. Sampling was done purposively. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed by analysis of an interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the ACEH TV as the medium of television that is broadcasting management ACEH have done according to a local television broadcasting standard. Agenda setting function of mass media performed in the ACEH TV dissemination of Islamic Shariah in Aceh and local culture to influence the people of Aceh to implement Islamic Sharia and also maintain the culture and local wisdom Aceh. It can be seen from all the programs that are aired ACEH TV is a program of local cultural nuances of Islamic law. There are still some shortcomings in running broadcasting broadcasting technology such as lack of equipment that is increasingly sophisticated. The results of image editing is very simple, and some programs presenter still looks stiff when in front of the camera

SNPs in the <i>NOD2</i> region as an example of synthetic association.

<p>Left panel represents ten control chromosomes sampled randomly; right panel represents ten random Crohn's disease patient chromosomes. Colored circles represent variant alleles at SNPs genotyped on a GWAS chip, colored explosions represent the three known causal variants in the gene. While none of the GWAS SNPs are strongly correlated with any of the individual causal alleles (the tag SNP theory which underlies the GWAS design), the collective effect of the three causal SNPs is to distort the frequencies of the GWAS SNPs in cases and controls. This collective effect of several low frequency SNPs different distances from a common SNP has been termed a “synthetic association.”</p

Evidence of association between Crohn's disease and the <i>NOD2</i> region.

<p>Grey points: results from a logistic regression test of association. Black points: results from a logistic regression test of association after conditioning on compound carrier status for three rare <i>NOD2</i> mutations (highlighted by red triangles). The <i>NOD2</i> gene region is denoted by the orange track. The complete eradication of the signal at the common SNPs after conditioning on the rare SNPs demonstrates that the GWAS signal is a synthetic association driven by these rare SNPs.</p

Comparative power of linkage and GWAS to detect synthetic association.

<p>Solid lines indicate power for the T1DGC linkage analysis (2,658 affected sibpairs), assuming a risk allele frequency of 0.01, and α = 1×10⁻⁴, for <i>N</i> = 3 (black), 5 (red), or 9 (blue) independent risk alleles. Dashed lines indicate power to detect these synthetic associations in a GWAS of 3,000 cases and 3,000 controls (data taken from Dickson et al. <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000580#pbio-1000580-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>). Linkage is more powerful than GWAS except for situations with few causal alleles of relatively modest effect.</p

Divergence of the 68-bp Element in Humans

<p>Arrows indicate five differences fixed on the human lineage. The asterisk indicates a site that varies among human repeats. In the sample of 74 human haplotypes, all one-repeat and most two-repeat alleles bear G at this site. Complete haplotype data are given in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030387#st001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>. Below, schematic of the study region showing the position of the element and the non-coding first exon with respect to the start of transcription.</p

The Human 68-bp Element Increases Induced <i>PDYN</i> Expression

<div><p>We tested four 3-kb constructs, encompassing the region shown in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030387#pbio-0030387-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p> <p>(A) The human and chimpanzee constructs differ at the sites indicated by vertical bars. The two chimeric constructs incorporated the human 68-bp element or the human DRE (DREAM binding site) into the chimpanzee construct.</p> <p>(B and C) Panels show luciferase activity for each construct (± SEM, five to seven transfections), standardized to that observed for promoterless luciferase vectors (white bars), in SH-SY5Y and JAR cells, with and without added caffeine, which causes the release of intracellular Ca²⁺ and the release of DREAM from the DRE.</p></div

Altered Variation at the <i>PDYN</i> Microsatellite

<div><p>(A) The allele frequency distribution of the <i>PDYN</i> microsatellite for six populations. The most common allele has 18 CA repeats in each population except Papua New Guinea, where the 22-repeat allele is most common; the overall range is 13 to 27 repeats. The distributions show a reduction in allelic variation outside of the Cameroon population.</p> <p>(B) The empirical probability density of lnRV for a panel of genomically distributed microsatellites is plotted for each population, using panel A as the color key. The distributions are based on 193 microsatellite loci for Ethiopia and 377 loci for the other populations. For clarity, a single negative outlier from the New Guinea population has been omitted from the figure. The arrows indicate lnRV of the <i>PDYN</i> microsatellite for each population, in the left tails of the distributions, indicating a locus-specific reduction in repeat-number variance.</p> <p>(C) The empirical probability density for lnRH. Again, the <i>PDYN</i> microsatellite exhibits significantly negative lnRH values, indicating a locus-specific reduction in heterozygosity at <i>PDYN</i> in the non-West African populations.</p></div

Elevated Differentiation at <i>PDYN</i>

<div><p>(A–D) In four pairwise comparisons, <i>F_ST</i> at the <i>PDYN</i> 68-bp element (red) is markedly elevated above the <i>F_ST</i> estimated from 18 candidate neutral markers (blue) typed in the same individuals.</p> <p>(E) Genetic differentiation between European- and Chinese-Americans, measured as a 15-SNP running <i>F_ST</i> average, for the entire p-arm of Chromosome 20. <i>PDYN</i> falls under a large <i>F_ST</i> peak (shaded), high above the arm average (red line). The RefSeq and chromosome band annotation is from the University of California, Santa Cruz Human Genome Browser (hg17), <a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu" target="_blank">http://genome.ucsc.edu</a> [<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030387#pbio-0030387-b79" target="_blank">79</a>]. Perlegen SNP positions were matched to the hg17 assembly by the UCSC LiftOver utility.</p> <p>(F) A finer-scale sliding window analysis shows that the region of elevated <i>F_ST</i> includes only two genes, <i>PDYN</i> and <i>STK35,</i> shown according to their RefSeq annotations.</p> <p>(G) <i>F_ST</i> as a function of expected global heterozygosity. Red triangles represent the 52 SNPs in the Perlegen dataset in the 170-kb interval bounded by the 3′ ends of <i>PDYN</i> and <i>STK35.</i> The contours define the genome-wide density of <i>F_ST</i> conditioned on heterozygosity; for each heterozygosity, the lines represent the <i>F_ST</i> of SNPs in the specified <i>F_ST</i> percentile.</p></div

<i>In vivo</i> morpholino screen in zebrafish identifies 15 new regulators of thrombopoiesis.

<p>MOs were injected into one-cell stage transgenic <i>Tg(cd41:EGFP)</i> zebrafish embryos and assayed for their effect on the number of thrombocytes (<i>cd41^high</i>) at 3 dpf. Representative confocal images were taken of the CHT. For <i>akap10</i>, <i>brd3a</i>, <i>brf1b</i>, <i>kalrn 1</i>, <i>kalrn 2</i>, <i>kif1b</i>, <i>mfn2</i>, <i>pdia5</i>, <i>psmd13</i> and <i>satb1</i> a severe decrease in the number of <i>cd41^high</i> positive cells was observed. <i>brf1a</i>, <i>rcor1</i>, <i>waspla</i>, <i>wasplb</i> and <i>wdr66</i> depletion resulted in a mild phenotype, and <i>fen1</i>, <i>grtp1b</i> and <i>tmcc2</i> MO injected embryos showed no phenotype. All embryos are oriented with anterior to the left and dorsal to the top. White arrow – thrombocytes; white arrowhead – HSCs.</p

Characterization of HSCs in candidate gene depleted embryos.

<p>To assess the stage at which hematopoiesis of each MO injected embryo was defective, we performed whole mount <i>in situ</i> hybridization using a <i>c-myb</i> probe at 3 dpf. Although more than half of MOs had no effect on the number of HSCs, depletion of <i>rcor1</i> resulted in increased numbers of HSCs and depletion of <i>kalrn1</i>, <i>kalrn2</i>, <i>mfn2</i>, <i>pdia5</i>, <i>psmd13</i> and <i>wasplb</i> resulted in decreased numbers of HSCs in CHT at 3 dpf. Representative images of CHT region are shown. All embryos are oriented with anterior to the left and dorsal to the top.</p