Additional file 2 of Baseline malaria prevalence and care-seeking behaviours in rural Madagascar prior to a trial to expand malaria community case management to all ages

Additional file 2: Sample size calculations. Brief description of sample size calculations for interventional trial, including assumptions use

Additional file 1 of Baseline malaria prevalence and care-seeking behaviours in rural Madagascar prior to a trial to expand malaria community case management to all ages

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Location and estimated accessibility of health facilities, Farafangana 2019–2020. A detailed map of the study area including estimates of duration of accessibility for study team

Additional file 3 of Baseline malaria prevalence and care-seeking behaviours in rural Madagascar prior to a trial to expand malaria community case management to all ages

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Prevalence of fever, care-seeking, and diagnostic testing for malaria by age group, Farafangana, Madagascar 2019. A. Population estimates of percentage of individuals noting febrile illness in preceding two weeks, by age group. Vertical lines represent 95% confidence intervals. B–D. Percentage of febrile individuals seeking medical attention for fever at either HF or CHV, and percentage that were tested for malaria during their visit. Numbers to the right of braces demonstrate the percentage of those tested for malaria among only those who sought care. B. Individuals under 5 years. C. Individuals 5 to 14 years. D. Individuals 15 years and older

Additional file 4 of Baseline malaria prevalence and care-seeking behaviours in rural Madagascar prior to a trial to expand malaria community case management to all ages

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Sankey plot of care-seeking behaviour among individuals experiencing febrile illness within two weeks prior to survey and diagnostic malaria testing at each provider. Depicted are bar charts of number of individuals who experienced a febrile illness within the two weeks prior to survey categorized by membership in different groups of (from left to right) age class, location of health care services sought, and malaria testing status. Shaded areas between bar charts represent flow of individuals from one category to another, with size of the shaded area proportional to number of individuals. Color of shading between bars correlates to an individual’s age throughout the figure. ‘Other’ category includes: self-medication (n = 8), private health facility (n = 4), marketplace (n = 2), and pharmacy (n = 1)

Combined evaluation of LC3B puncta and HMGB1 expression predicts residual risk of relapse after adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

<p>In spite of adjuvant chemotherapy, a significant fraction of patients with localized breast cancer (BC) relapse after optimal treatment. We determined the occurrence of cytoplasmic MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B)-positive puncta, as well as the presence of nuclear HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) in cancer cells within surgical BC specimens by immunohistochemistry, first in a test cohort (152 patients) and then in a validation cohort of localized BC patients who all received adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy (1646 patients). Cytoplasmic LC3B⁺ puncta inversely correlated with the intensity of SQSTM1 staining, suggesting that a high percentage cells of LC3B⁺ puncta reflects increased autophagic flux. After setting optimal thresholds in the test cohort, cytoplasmic LC3B⁺ puncta and nuclear HMGB1 were scored as positive in 27.2% and 28.6% of the tumors, respectively, in the validation cohort, while 8.7% were considered as double positive. LC3B⁺ puncta or HMGB1 expression alone did not constitute independent prognostic factors for metastasis-free survival (MFS) in multivariate analyses. However, the combined positivity for LC3B⁺ puncta and nuclear HMGB1 constituted an independent prognostic factor significantly associated with prolonged MFS (hazard ratio: 0.49 95% confidence interval [0.26–0.89]; <i>P</i> = 0.02), and improved breast cancer specific survival (hazard ratio: 0.21 95% confidence interval [0.05–0.85]; <i>P</i> = 0.029). Subgroup analyses revealed that within patients with poor-prognosis BC, HMGB1⁺ LC3B⁺ double-positive tumors had a better prognosis than BC that lacked one or both of these markers. Altogether, these results suggest that the combined positivity for LC3B⁺ puncta and nuclear HMGB1 is a positive predictor for longer BC survival.</p