Lawmaking Regarding Regulation of Eco-Tourism in Regard To Indigenous People

The development of eco-tourism basically contributes to the growth of the economy of indigenous people. Tourism sector is directly perceived beneficial by the people. Rising numbers of local, regional, and national tourists, even tourists from abroad have given a light to improve the state economy. This research employs normative method aimed to study laws, books, and other references related with tourism and the economy of indigenous people. The research result reveals that the growing tourism industries are not always relevant to the improvement of economic condition of indigenous people since most workers and investors in tourism are outsiders who are more experienced in this field and have enough money to invest in tourism sector. It seems that indigenous people are not capable of competing with the outsiders because of their low education level, lack of experience and capital. This situation only allows them watch the tourism development taking place, and it even urges them further to leave their village and leaves them marginalised. Central and local governments need to take action by providing training program to help the people cope with their knowledge especially about tourism development. The governments are also responsible for the betterment of the welfare of the indigenous people through eco-tourism development. Keywords: development, indigenous people, eco-touris

PRIORITY RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH RESPECT TO SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

This research is aimed to find out and analyse priority rights of existing indigenous people in accordance with Article 19 Paragraph (2) of Act Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism. Significant tourism development could help increase the revenue of indigenous people. This research employed normative method where statute, conceptual and several other approaches were employed in the research. The legal research materials used involved Acts, books, glossaries, encyclopedia, and others. The result of the research reveals that the priority rights of indigenous people exist only to meet the need of materials as the right of workers, consignment agreement, and management while there are still some other rights in terms of religious values, cultural indigenous values, rights to preserve the environment and to preserve natural resources. On the other hand, the regulation in Article 19 Paragraph (2) is not supported by Article 53 and Article 54 stating that those in charge of managing tourism industries are those officially certified by the Department of tourism and business certification body. In other words, the priority rights have not been perceived by those as addressed, as the articles mentioned are regarded incomplete in terms of their norms (incompleteness of norm); there is no further explanation either in the government regulation or in other forms of regulation, leading to the urgency of legal interpretation to implement it. Keywords: priority right, indigenous community, tourism.

PENERAPAN MODEL AGROFORESTRI PADA KELOMPOK TANI HUTAN FETOMONE DI DESA SILLU KECAMATAN FATULEU KABUPATEN KUPANG

The Government of Eastern Nusa Tenggara province is currently facing the problem of an increasing size of critical land as well as decreasing availability of clean water which occurs in most of the landscape of Timor island. The increasing size of critical lands resulted from biophysical conditions, socio-economic and cultural situations which related to land use as the main factor for production, as well as the policy implementation that did not consider sustainability. One of the largest critical land can be found in Sillu village which is located in Fatuleu District in Kupang Regency. To overcome this critical land problem, an appropriate Agroforestry model is set to be developed and implemented. This community service aims to overcome the critical area in Sillu village and to increase the community’s well being through the implementation of an Agroforestry model specifically for the Fetomone Forest-Farmer group. Following methods were used: (1) site survey and family approach towards local community through head of the village, head of hamlets, and chair of Fetomone Forest-Farmer group; (2) Focus Group Discussion were conducted with head of the village and chair of Fetomone Forest-Farmer group to developed an activity plan including modelling design that will be used; (3) Community sensitization regarding socio, ecology and economic benefit of agroforestry system through lecture and discussion; and (4) Training in making agroforestry’s plot. Focus Group Discussion resulting in modelling design of Agrosilvopastural with alley cropping pattern. 53 local communities participated in community sensitization resulting in 96.2% understanding the socio, ecology and economic benefit of agroforestry system. 37 participants from Forest-Farmer group were included in the agroforestry’s plot making trainiing. Our 3 months post planting monitoring showed that 86.48% of them have been implemented the design on their own agricultural land.  ---  Permasalahan yang dihadapi pemerintah NTT adalah peningkatan  luas lahan kritis dan ketersedian air bersih yang terjadi pada sebagian besar daerah yang berada pada bentangan Pulau Timor. Peningkatan luas lahan kritis merupakan kesatuan yang bersifat simultan antara kondisi biofisik, sosial ekonomi dan budaya yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan lahan sebagai faktor produksi utama, serta penerapan kebijakan yang kurang mempertimbangkan kelestarian. Salah satu  daerah yang memiliki lahan kritis yang cukup luas adalah Desa Sillu yang berada di Kecamatan Fatuleu Kabupaten Kupang. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, tim pengabdian menerapkan model agroforestri. Tujuan pengabdian adalah untuk mengatasi lahan kritis di Desa Sillu dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui penerapan model agroforestri di Kelompok Tani Hutan Fetomone. Metode  yang digunakan adalah 1) survei lokasi dan metode pendekatan kekeluargaan dengan masyarakat lokal melalui Kepala Desa, Kepala Dusun, dan Ketua Kelompok Tani Fetomone, 2) Metode Focus Group Discusion (FGD) dengan Kepala Desa dan Ketua Kelompok Tani Fetomeno untuk menyusun perencanaan kegiatan termasuk rancangan desain model yang akan digunakan, 3) Penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang manfaat sosial, ekologis, dan produktif (ekonomi) dari sistem agroforestri  dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi, 4) Pelatihan pembuatan demplot agroforestri. FGD menghasilkan desain model agosilvopastural dengan pola tanam alley cropping. Penyuluhan melibatkan 53 masyarakat dan  hasilnya 96,2% memahami manfaat sosial, ekologis, dan produktif (ekonomi) dari sistem agroforestri. Pelatihan pembuatan demplot melibatkan 37 anggota KTH dan hasil monitoring setelah 3 bulan kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa 86,48% sudah menerapkan model tersebut di lahan milik pribadi

Cellular heterogeneity of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte grafts is mechanistically linked to treatable arrhythmias

Preclinical data have confirmed that human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) can remuscularize the injured or diseased heart, with several clinical trials now in planning or recruitment stages. However, because ventricular arrhythmias represent a complication following engraftment of intramyocardially injected PSC-CMs, it is necessary to provide treatment strategies to control or prevent engraftment arrhythmias (EAs). Here, we show in a porcine model of myocardial infarction and PSC-CM transplantation that EAs are mechanistically linked to cellular heterogeneity in the input PSC-CM and resultant graft. Specifically, we identify atrial and pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes as culprit arrhythmogenic subpopulations. Two unique surface marker signatures, signal regulatory protein α (SIRPA)+CD90−CD200+ and SIRPA+CD90−CD200−, identify arrhythmogenic and non-arrhythmogenic cardiomyocytes, respectively. Our data suggest that modifications to current PSC-CM-production and/or PSC-CM-selection protocols could potentially prevent EAs. We further show that pharmacologic and interventional anti-arrhythmic strategies can control and potentially abolish these arrhythmias

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Hak Prioritas Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan

Berdasarkan uraian dalam pembahasan penelitian ini, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1. Makna hak prioritas masyarakat hukum adat dalam pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan, merupakan bagian dari hak asasi manusia yang harus dipenuhi oleh negara, sehingga mencerminkan rasa keadilan dan mempunyai kemanfaatan yang berkesejahteraan bagi kehidupan masyarakat hukum adat yang berada dalam kawasan destinasi pariwisata. Hak prioritas masyarakat hukum adat tidak sekedar dimaknai sebagai hak yang bersifat material, tetapi juga dimaknai sebagai hak yang bersifat immaterial yang meliputi hak dalam memenuhi dan mewariskan hak dasar masyarakat beserta komunitasnya yang terdiri dari hak untuk melestarikan nilai-nilai religius, adat istiadat, seni dan budaya, lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta melestarikan nilai-nilai sumber daya alam. 2. Implikasi hukum dengan adanya ketidaklengkapan norma (incompleteness of norm) terhadap hak prioritas masyarakat hukum adat, tidak terpenuhi hak yang bersifat immaterial, yang dapat mengakibatkan adanya ketidakpastian, dan pengabaian bahkan penghapusan terhadap hak-hak immaterial dalam berbagai peraturan pelaksanaan di tingkat daerah dalam bentuk peraturan daerah dan peraturan kepala daerah. Undang-Undang tersebut telah mengabaikan hak-hak prioritas yang bersifat immaterial yang berdampak langsung pada kehidupan masyarakat hukum adat, dan kemiskinan yang terjadi dapat dipandang sebagai suatu masalah sosial yang belum terlepas dari kehidupan di daerah. 3. Model yang ditawarkan ke depan dalam memberikan hak prioritas bagai masyarakat hukum adat, yaitu adanya komitmen pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah dan pihak swasta serta masyarakat hukum adat dalam pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan dengan melibatkan masyarakat hukum adat mulai dari proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan dan evaluasi. Model demikian dapat diwujudkan dalam bentuk peraturan daerah.Pengelolaan pariwisata berkelanjutan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pembanding adalah pengelolaan pariwisata di Bali yang dikelola oleh masyarakat yang melibatkan Desa Pakraman dengan didukung oleh peraturan daerah dan peraturan kepala daerah dalam pembagian pendapatan dari pengelolaan destinasi pariwisata. Dalam peraturan kepala daerah, sebagian dari hasil tersebut untuk pemerintah daerah dan pemerintahan pusat, sebagiannya lagi untuk masyarakat Desa Pakraman dengan pembagian yang jelas dalam peraturan kepala daerah

An Analysis of the Digital Transformation-Based Learning Implementation System in the Era of Disruption

The purpose of this paper is to complete the shortcomings of previous studies related to the challenges of implementing learning in the current era of disruption. In an effort to find alternative solutions that are more effective, this study seeks to analyze and examine how educators transform themselves to face various challenges in education in accordance with the spirit of the times. The existence of educational disruption has not been followed by an emphasis on the importance of digital-based transformative education and strengthening the competence of educators as an increasingly ideal basis for transformation. This paper is based on the argument that no matter how strong the influence of the pace of development of digital information technology, which tends to be disruptive, the spillover of which has shaken the education sector, creative and dynamic efforts will increasingly find momentum during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, educators continue to play a vital role in the educational process that cannot simply be replaced by technological sophistication. Within the limits of this understanding, basically all achievements of scientific and technological progress are rooted in the educational process by placing the basis of digital transformation as a starting point for change to a better, civilized and quality direction

An Analysis of the Digital Transformation-Based Learning Implementation System in the Era of Disruption

The purpose of this paper is to complete the shortcomings of previous studies related to the challenges of implementing learning in the current era of disruption. In an effort to find alternative solutions that are more effective, this study seeks to analyze and examine how educators transform themselves to face various challenges in education in accordance with the spirit of the times. The existence of educational disruption has not been followed by an emphasis on the importance of digital-based transformative education and strengthening the competence of educators as an increasingly ideal basis for transformation. This paper is based on the argument that no matter how strong the influence of the pace of development of digital information technology, which tends to be disruptive, the spillover of which has shaken the education sector, creative and dynamic efforts will increasingly find momentum during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, educators continue to play a vital role in the educational process that cannot simply be replaced by technological sophistication. Within the limits of this understanding, basically all achievements of scientific and technological progress are rooted in the educational process by placing the basis of digital transformation as a starting point for change to a better, civilized and quality direction.</jats:p

The Phenomenon of Learning Motivation of Elementary School Students

Learning motivation is one of the important things that can affect the student's learning process. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of learning motivation of elementary school students. This research is quantitative research using survey exploratory research. Subjects involved in this study amounted to 51 elementary school students. Data collection uses a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The questionnaire was compiled based on four components of learning motivation, namely the drive for achievement, discipline in learning, readiness to overcome difficulties, and curiosity. The questionnaire uses a Likert scale with the categories "always", "often", "sometimes", and "never". The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that in general, the students had high motivation. However, this high motivation is not in line with concrete actions that show their enthusiasm for learning. This is because the motivation that develops is extrinsic. Students learn to get rewarded or to avoid punishment from teachers. Nevertheless, the students are aware of their obligations as students and believe in their abilities. This can be used as initial capital to encourage students to improve their learning achievement.</jats:p

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN REWARD TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV DI SDK WAE BELANG

The learning process based on learning interest is crucial in schools. Reward is one of the methods that teachers can use to enhance students' learning interest. Relevant and meaningful rewards can have a positive impact on students' learning interest. When students feel valued and recognized for their efforts and achievements, they become more motivated to learn and actively participate in the learning process. This study aims to determine the relationship between reward and learning interest among fourth-grade students at SDK Wae Belang. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed. The population of this study consisted of all students at SDI Wae Belang (N=221), with a sample of 29 fourth-grade students. Data collection was done using a questionnaire after ensuring validity and reliability. Regression and simple linear correlation analyses were conducted in this study. The data analysis revealed a strong correlation (r = 0.897) between the X variable (reward) and the Y variable (learning interest). The simple linear regression equation was Y = a + bX = 12.219 + 0.763X, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.805 and an adjusted R square value of 0.798 (79.8%). The correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between reward and learning interest among fourth-grade students at SDI Wae Belang. Furthermore, based on the correlation test results, it was found that the calculated t-value (3.638) exceeded the critical t-value (2.051) at a significance level of 5% with N=29. Thus, it can be concluded that the provision of reward has a significant and positive relationship with the learning interest of fourth-grade students at SDK Wae Belang