PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUPLEMENTASI SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) TERHADAP KADAR ALBUMIN SERUM PADA LANSIA

Background: Levels of serum albumin can be used as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Reduced serum albumin concentration can be caused by oxidative modification due to aging or insufficient protein intake. SOD as an enzymatic antioxidant might prevent oxidative stress so that albumin modification process can be inhibited. SOD supplementation was expected to increase serum albumin levels. Aim: Analyze the effect of SOD supplementation on elderly serum albumin level. Methods: This was a true experimental study with pre and post test control group design.. The study began with 31 elderly, resides in the “Pucang Gading Social Rehabilitation Unit”. They were divided into 2 groups. The control group (15 subjects), received placebo and exercise. The treatment group (16 subjects), received 250 IU SOD/day and exercise. Both treatments were done within 8 weeks, with twice a week exercise. Before and after treatment, levels of serum albumin were measured. Data normality was tested using Saphiro-wilk test. Data was analyzed by Paired-T-test if the distribution is normal, and using Wilcoxon test if the distribution is abnormal. Results: There were increases of serum albumin levels in both groups. Statistical test results showed a significant increase of serum albumin levels in the treatment group of 0.26 ± 0.33 mg/dL with p=0,007 (p0,05). Conclusion: 250 IU SOD/day supplementation for 8 weeks increase serum albumin levels in the elderly. Keywords: Albumin, elderly, aging, SO

GAMBARAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA DI UNIT REHABILITASI SOSIAL PUCANG GADING SEMARANG

Latar belakang: Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia menimbulkan berbagai masalah sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan. Masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan yang cepat dan praktis namun nilainya tinggi adalah pemeriksaan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan memberi serangkaian perintah pada seseorang dan menilai ketepatannya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi kognitif MMSE pada lansia di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, body mass index (BMI), tekana darah, dan gula darah sewaktu. Metode: Penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan metode cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada bulan maret sampai juli 2014 bertempat di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang. Hasil: Dari penelitian diperoleh 41 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi terdiri dari 10 laki-laki dan 31 perempuan. Berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin menunjukkan penurunan fungsi kognitif terbanyak adalah pada usia 60-74 tahun terutama pada perempuan. Berdasarkan BMI, tekanan darah dan GDS terbanyak pada kelompok underweight, hipertensi ringan dan normal. Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang sebagian besar lansia dengan hasil probable gangguan kognitif yaitu 60,9% dan 22% definitif gangguan kognitif. Dalam penelitian ini terlihat bahwa pemeriksaan MMSE lebih sensitif mendeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Kata kunci: Lansia, fungsi kognitif, MMSE. xi

Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia Di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang

Latar belakang: Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lanjut usia menimbulkan berbagai masalah sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan. Masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut ialah gangguan fungsi kognitif. Pemeriksaan yang cepat dan praktis namun nilainya tinggi adalah pemeriksaan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan memberi serangkaian perintah pada seseorang dan menilai ketepatannyaMetode: Penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan metode cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada bulan maret sampai juli 2014 bertempat di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang.Hasil: Dari penelitian diperoleh 41 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi terdiri dari 10 laki-laki dan 31 perempuan. Berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin menunjukkan penurunan fungsi kognitif terbanyak adalah pada usia 60-74 tahun terutama pada perempuan. Berdasarkan BMI, tekanan darah dan GDS terbanyak pada kelompok underweight, hipertensi ringan dan normalKesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan MMSE di Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang sebagian besar lansia dengan hasil probable gangguan kognitif yaitu 60,9% dan 22% definitif gangguan kognitif. Dalam penelitian ini terlihat bahwa pemeriksaan MMSE lebih sensitif mendeteksi gangguan fungsi kognitif pada lansia

Hubungan Antara Status Kognitif Dengan Status Fungsional Lanjut Usia Panti Wredha Di Semarang

Latar Belakang : Gangguan fungsional dan gangguan kognitif merupakan salah satu kondisi yang berhubungan dengan proses penuaan. Status kognitif, terutama fungsi eksekutif, yang dianggap sebagai prediktor penting terhadap status fungsional pada populasi lanjut usia berpeluang terhadap kesulitan melakukan aktifitas kehidupan sehari-hari. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status kognitif dengan status fungsional lanjut usia khususnya yang tinggal di panti wredha di Kota Semarang.Metode : Studi ini menggunakan desain belah lintang. Penelitian yang berlangsung dari bulan April-Juni ini melibatkan 49 responden berusia 60 tahun atau lebih yang tinggal di panti wredha dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Status kognitif diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) dan status fungsional diukur dengan kuesioner Activity of Daily Living (Indeks Katz) dan Instrumental Activity Daily Living (Lawton IADL). Hasil : Dari hasil analisis bivariat untuk masing-masing variabel (jenis kelamin, usia, riwayat penyakit, tingkat pendidikan, dan status kognitif) didapatkan hasil korelasi yang lemah dan tidak signifikan terhadap status fungsional ADL dan IADL kecuali usia. Dengan menggunakan uji partial correlation, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status kognitif dengan ADL (r = 0.156; p = 0.290; OR = 1.625) dan IADL (p = 0.252; r = 0.169; OR = 1.313) .Kesimpulan : Status kognitif tidak berhubungan dengan status fungsional baik ADL maupun IADL pada lanjut usia yang tinggal di panti wredha di Semarang

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL SERUM TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY SETELAH PEMBERIAN PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

Background : Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) has a great role in development of cardiovascular disease. The increase of LDL-c level is influenced by many factors, one of them is cigarette smoke exposure. Black seed (Nigella sativa) is a medicinal herb with many pharmaceutical uses, one of them is lipid profile improvement, including serum LDL-c level. Aim : To determine the effect of black seed extract administration on serum LDL-c level of Sprague Dawley rats exposed by cigarette smoke. Method : True experimental with posttest only control group design. After the adaptation, 24 Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups. Every group was given standardized diet and water for 28 days. Group K1 was negative control, group K2 was given cigarette smoke exposure from 4 cigarettes/day, group P1 was given cigarette smoke exposure from 4 cigarettes/day and 500 mg black seed extract, group P2 was given cigarette smoke exposure from 4 cigarettes/day and 0,2 mg simvastatin. Serum LDL-c levels were measured by enzymatic method at 29th day. One way Anova test was used for statistical analysis. Results : The mean of serum LDL-c level in K1 was 25,20 ± 2,63, K2 was 26,60 ± 3,35, P1 was 23,78 ± 2,05, and P2 was 26,75 ± 2,28. One way Anova test showed that there was no significant difference between group K1, K2, P1, and P2 (p > 0,05). Interesting finding in this research was that serum LDL-c level was lower with black seed extract administration compared to simvastatin administration, so that black seed extract could be used as adjuvant therapy. Conclusion : Black seed extract administration had an effect insignificantly on serum LDL-c level of Sprague Dawley rats exposed by cigarette smoke. Keywords : Black seed, LDL cholesterol, cigarette smok

POLA KEJADIAN PENYAKIT KOMORBID DAN EFEK SAMPING OAT PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DI RSUP DR. KARIADI

Background : Tuberculosis has a high prevalence in Indonesia.Management of tuberculosis require antituberculosis drug combination strategy. However, side effects of these drugs sometimes interrupts treatment process. These side effects can be affected by many factors, for example comorbidites. Aim : To identity the pattern of comorbidites and side effects of first line antituberculosis drugs in RSUP dr. Kariadi Methods : This study was using descriptive observational with cross sectional design. Samples of this study were medical records of tuberculosis patients underwent treatment using first line antituberculosis drugs in Kariadi General Hospital in 2015. Results : There were 167 cases that met the inclusion criteria. From these samples, 30 cases experienced side effects. Most side effects cases were vomitus and nausea (12 cases). From these 30 samples, 18 samples had comorbidities, mostly diabetes. Characteristic of those with side effects were mostly women (53,5%), with age ranged from 40-59 years (53,3%), treatment duration 3-4 months (43,4%), and BMI <18,5 (70%). Comorbidities didn’t have any significant relation with side effects of antituberculosis drugs. (p=0,871) Conclusions : Samples with side effects are 18% from total samples, with vomitus and nausea be the most common. Comorbidites are around 58,7% of total samples, mostly HIV. Comorbities from samples with side effects are 60% and mostly diabetes. Characteristic of those with side effects were women, with age ranged from 40-59 years, treatment duration 3-4 months, and BMI <18,5. Comorbities didn’t have any significant relation with side effects Keywords : tuberculosis, first line antituberculosis drug, side effects, comorbities, age, gender, treatment duration, BM

Ekstrak Herbal (Daun Salam, Jintan Hitam, Daun Seledri) dan Kadar IL-6 Plasma Penderita Hiperurisemia

Herbal extract (Eugenia polyantha, Nigella sativa, Apium graveolens) and IL-6 plasma level of hyperuricaemic patientsBackground: Hyperuricaemia stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. They also will stimulate leucocyte adhesion molecule. Suplementation of bay-leaf (Eugenia polyantha), celery herb (Apium graveolens) and blackseed (Nigella sativa) had known to decrease inflammatory cytokines response including IL-6 blood level. These herbal are common in Indonesia but have not clinically studied correlation with IL-6 pro inflammatory cytokine in human. The aim study was to determine the effect of herbal extract on IL-6 blood level of hyperuricaemic patients.Methods: This study was an experimental study with double blind randomised clinical trial, held on 2007 March–2008 February. Samples were hyperuricaemic patiens in clinic and wards of internal medicine and geriatric RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. They were divided into 2 groups: (1) Extract herbal and (2) placebo group. IL-6 blood level were tested before and 4 weeks after treatment using ELISA methode.Results: Subjects were 43 hyperuricaemic patients (22 in herbal treatment group compare with 21 in placebo group). The mean of basic IL-6 level in herbal group was 214.58 pg/dl whereas in placebo was 182.89 pg/dl. The mean of outcome IL-6 level in herbal group was 192.15 pg/dl whereas in placebo group was 254,00 pg/dl. The mean of IL-6 delta level in herbal group was -22.43 pg/dl whereas in placebo was 71.11 pg/dl (p:0.045). The mean of IL-6 ratio in herbal group was 1142.16% whereas in placebo was 754.45% (p:0.052).Conclusion: The herbal extract being used uric acid lowering agent decreases IL-6 level

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Dewa (Gynura Divaricata) Terhadap Kadar Ureum Dan Kreatinin : Studi Eksperimental Pada Tikus Model Kanker Payudara

Background : The use of herbs as medicine is quite high including for breast cancer therapy. One of the herbs which is used for breast cancer treatment is dewa leaves (Gynura divaricata). Kidney has important roles in excreting drugs. Blood ureum and creatinine can be used as parameters of kidney function. There is still no literature about effects of Gynura divaricata on kidney. Aim : To determine effects of dewa leaves extract on ureum and creatinine in breast cancer model rat Methods : Experimental study Post Test Only Control Group Design. Fifteen female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Those are negative control (K1) which consisted of normal rats, positive control (K2) which consisted of breast cancer model rats, and treatment group (P) which consisted of breast cancer model rats receiving 750 mg/kgBW/day dewa leaves extract for 14 days. After 14 days, blood was taken to check ureum and creatinine level. Results : The mean of ureum level were 54,02 for K1; 43,06 for K2; and 33,98 for P. One way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences (p=0,001). Post hoc Bonferroni analysis showed that there were no significant differences between K2 and P. Creatinine level mean were 0,44 for K1; 0,55 for K2; and 0,42 for P. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed non significant differences (p=0,08). Conclusions : Dewa leaves extract has not been proven to affect ureum and creatinine level in breast cancer model rats. Keyword : Gynura divaricata, breast cancer, ureum level, creatinine leve

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUPLEMENTASI ZINK TERHADAP KADAR ALBUMIN SERUM LANSIA

Background: Aging has been associated with increased oxidative stress, physiological-biochemical changes and impaired organs function. Those changes, might alter albumin homeostatic level in elder population due to nutrient intake insufficiency, organs degeneration, and oxidation of pre-formed albumin. Zinc was an essential trace element which functioned as co-factor of enzymes, liver protector and present antioxidant activity inside human body. We suspected zinc supplementation would enhance elder’s serum albumin level. Aim: This study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on serum albumin level in elder populations. Methods: In this randomized control trial, with pre and post-test control group design, we included 31 elder people who met inclusion-exclusion criteria and lived in Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Pucang Gading Semarang. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. Treatment group (16 people) were daily supplemented with 40 mg zinc and twice a week of exercise treatment, whereas control group (15 people) were placebo supplemented and got exercise treatment at same amount as treatment group. Both treatment last for 8 weeks. Albumin level analysis was performed before and after the trial. The data was then evaluated with Wilcoxon and Paired t-test. Results: The result showed that the average level of serum albumin improved in both groups. Treatment group resulted in significant increase of mean albumin level by 0,5 ± 0,23 g/dl, p<0.001 while the changes observed in placebo group were not significant (0,2 ± 0,61 g/dl, p=0,175). Conclusions: Zinc supplementation could improve serum albumin level on elder subject. Keywords: elderly, aging, zinc, albumi