Multifunctionality: Concepts and Applications to the WTO Negotiations on Agriculture

The ongoing negotiations in the WTO will most certainly lead to a further liberalization of the global agricultural trade. Related to this, many national governments, including Norway, Switzerland and Japan have placed substantial emphasis on the so-called non-trade concerns. In addition to the production of food and fiber, agriculture also provides or may provide national food security, environmental benefits, and viable rural areas. The term "Multifunctional Agriculture" has been applied to describe these additional functions. In this paper, we will show how the economic concepts of "positive and negative externalities" and "public goods" can be used to analyse non-trade concerns and multifunctionality, especially with reference to agriculture's impact on the environment. We conclude the paper with suggestions for international trade rules that can allow countries to meet domestic environmental policy objectives in a minimally trade-distorting manner.Non-trade concerns, multifunctionality, externalities, public goods, cultural landscape, optimum subsidy, WTO, International Relations/Trade,

Saueholdet i Norge – utvikling, politikk og virkemidler

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Scenarier for norsk landbruk og landbrukspolitikk med vekt på WTO: Konsekvensanalyse med JORDMOD

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Landbrukets rolle og framtid i distriktspolitisk sammenheng

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Fruits and vegetables. Relative and absolute price developments 1989-2000

Denne rapporten omhandler prisutviklingen på poteter, grønnsaker, frukt og bær i Norge, i perioden 1989-2000. Det er sett på relativ og absolutt prisutvikling på produsentnivå og forbrukernivå, samt utvikling i marginer til detaljist/grossist. En tidligere undersøkelse (Løyland og Gudem 2000) har vist at mens forbrukerprisstigningen for alle matvarer i perioden 1989-2000 var på 26 prosent, var den for grønnsaker og frukt på hele 56 prosent. I denne rapporten går vi derfor nærmere inn på de enkelte frukt- og grøntproduktene. I kapittel 2 er det gitt en vurdering av totalmarkedet for poteter, frukt og grønnsaker i Norge, samt en oversikt over verdien av den norske produksjonen. Målt på produsentprisnivå utgjorde verdien av den norske matpotetproduksjonen i 2000 214 mill. kroner, grønnsakproduksjonen 990 mill. kroner, fruktproduksjonen 114 mill. kroner og norsk bærproduksjon 213 mill. kroner. […]Frukt og grønnsaker. Prisnivå og -utvikling 1989–2000Fruits and vegetables. Relative and absolute price developments 1989-2000publishedVersio

Multifunctionality: Concepts and Applications to the WTO Negotiations on Agriculture

The ongoing negotiations in the WTO will most certainly lead to a further liberalization of the global agricultural trade. Related to this, many national governments, including Norway, Switzerland and Japan have placed substantial emphasis on the so-called non-trade concerns. In addition to the production of food and fiber, agriculture also provides or may provide national food security, environmental benefits, and viable rural areas. The term "Multifunctional Agriculture" has been applied to describe these additional functions. In this paper, we will show how the economic concepts of "positive and negative externalities" and "public goods" can be used to analyse non-trade concerns and multifunctionality, especially with reference to agriculture's impact on the environment. We conclude the paper with suggestions for international trade rules that can allow countries to meet domestic environmental policy objectives in a minimally trade-distorting manner