Association of Uremic Solutes with Outcomes among 394 Hemodialysis Participants of the CHOICE Study.

<p><i>Abbreviations</i>: HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.</p><p>Hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increase in the solute level modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p>¹ Model 1: Crude model without adjustment.</p><p>² Model 2: Minimally adjusted: HR adjusted for demographics (age, sex and race).</p><p>³ Model 3: Fully adjusted: HR adjusted for demographics (age, sex and race), clinical characteristics [body mass index, residual kidney function (self-reported ability to produce >1 cup of urine daily), Index of Coexistent Disease (ICED) score, diabetes and cardiovascular disease] and laboratory tests (Kt/V_UREA, albumin, phosphate and creatinine).</p><p>Note: Mean (Standard Deviation) for the free solutes are: P-cresol sulfate 0.196 (0.128) mg/dL; Indoxyl Sulfate 0.126 (0.100) mg/dL; Hippurate 1.5 (2.1) mg/dL and Phenylacetylglutamine 2.3 (1.7) mg/dL.</p><p>Association of Uremic Solutes with Outcomes among 394 Hemodialysis Participants of the CHOICE Study.</p

Baseline Characteristics of 394 Hemodialysis Participants of the CHOICE Study.

<p>Note: Numbers presented are mean (standard deviation) or percent unless otherwise specified.</p><p>Conversion factors for units: albumin in g/dL to g/L, x 10; calcium in mg/dL to mmol/L, x 0.2495; phosphate in mg/dL to mmol/L, x 0.3229; hemoglobin in g/dL to g/L, x 10; BUN in mg/dL to urea in mmol/L, x 0.357; creatinine in mg/dL to μmol/L, x 88.4; p-cresol sulfate in mg/dL to μmol/L, x 53.1; indoxyl sulfate in mg/dL to μmol/L, x 46.9; hippuric acid in mg/dL to μmol/L, x 55.8; phenylacetylglutamine in mg/dL to μmol/L, x 37.8.</p><p>No conversion is necessary for potassium and bicarbonate in mEq/L to mmol/L.</p><p>Abbreviations: ICED: Index of Coexistent Disease Score; Kt/V: dialysis dose (K-dialyzer clearance of urea, t-dialysis time, V-volume of distribution of urea); CRP: C-Reactive Protein; IL-6: Interleukin 6</p><p>Baseline Characteristics of 394 Hemodialysis Participants of the CHOICE Study.</p

Association of Combined Solute Index Quintiles and Outcomes among 394 Hemodialysis Participants of the CHOICE Study.

<p><i>Abbreviations</i>: HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.</p><p>Hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increase in the combined solute index in the continuous analysis modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p>Note: Mean (Standard Deviation) for combined solute index is 5.5 (2.4).</p><p>¹ Model 1: Crude model without adjustment.</p><p>² Model 2: Minimally adjusted: HR adjusted for demographics (age, sex and race).</p><p>³ Model 3: Fully adjusted: HR adjusted for demographics (age, sex and race), clinical characteristics [body mass index, residual kidney function (self-reported ability to produce >1 cup of urine daily), Index of Coexistent Disease (ICED) score, diabetes and cardiovascular disease] and laboratory tests (Kt/V_UREA, albumin, phosphate and creatinine).</p><p>NOTE: Combined solute index is calculated as follows</p><p>¹⁾ Generate standardized value of each solute with a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1.</p><p>²⁾ For each standardized solute create deciles based on percentiles of the data (range 1–10)</p><p>³⁾ Calculate the combined solute index by averaging the decile category for each participant</p><p>⁴⁾ Generate quintiles of the combined solute index. The lowest quintile is the reference.</p><p>Association of Combined Solute Index Quintiles and Outcomes among 394 Hemodialysis Participants of the CHOICE Study.</p

Adjusted Relative Hazard of Outcomes in 394 Incident Hemodialysis Patients of the CHOICE Study.

<p><b>Panel 2A:</b> Adjusted hazard of Cardiovascular Mortality. <b>Panel 2B:</b> Adjusted hazard of First Cardiovascular Event. Relative hazard predicted using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographics (age, sex and race), clinical characteristics [body mass index, residual kidney function (self-reported ability to produce >1 cup of urine daily), Index of Coexistent Disease (ICED) score, diabetes and cardiovascular disease] and laboratory tests (Kt/V_UREA, albumin, phosphate and creatinine). Solutes and combined solute index are modeled as restricted cubic splines with knots at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. The solid line is the adjusted HR; 10th percentile is used as the reference (HR = 1). The shaded area is the 95% CI of the HR. Bars are the frequency histogram, showing the distribution of each solute and combined solute index. Vertical broken lines mark the 25^th and 75^th percentile of the distribution.</p

Correlations between Solutes in 394 Incident Hemodialysis Patients of the CHOICE Study.

<p>Scatterplots demonstrate the association between the solutes. Dots represent to concentrations of the two solutes on scatterplot. Line represents the linear fit between the two solutes. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients are also reported in a text box. P-values for all correlations were ≤0.001 for both Spearman and Pearson correlations.</p

Supplemental Tables AJP.docx

These are the tables generated using statistical techniques to support the hypothesis of the research question

Insights from studies conducted in diverse race/ethnic groups.

<p>Insights from studies conducted in diverse race/ethnic groups.</p