Francuska dječja književnost i uvođenje u vještinu čitanja

It is well known that literary texts used in teaching (both of mother tongue and foreign languages) allow the learners to develop all four language skills. Regarding the foreign languages, CEFR anticipates reading of original literary texts only at C1 and C2 levels. This paper will present the research carried out in a small and heterogeneous group (by age and by prior leaning) of preschool- and school-aged children, who were introduced to reading skills in the French language classes, for which a special teaching method was devised. The starting point of classes was based on the original children’s literature texts and informal learning stemming from everyday activities connected to family or leisure, with special accent on play, particularly because of its positive effects on children’s motivation for reading. From the teacher’s perspective, special attention was paid to the selection of children’s literature texts (with the objective not only to introduce the dominant literary, linguistic and cultural codes to the learners but also to develop a sense of relevance and joy while reading), and establishing learning objectives and outcomes. The issued evaluations showed that the classes which closely connect the decoding of text on grapho-phonemic level to literary texts and its understanding while relying on ludic activities allow the learners to acquire expected competences at a high level.Književnoumjetnički tekst primijenjen u nastavi (kako materinskog, tako i inog) jezika, poznato je, omogućuje učenicima razvoj svih četiriju jezičnih vještina. Što se pak inih jezika tiče, ZEROJ predviđa čitanje izvornih književnoumjetničkih tekstova tek na razinama C1 i C2. U ovom će radu biti prikazno istraživanje provedeno nad malom i izrazito heterogenom skupinom (i po dobi, i po predznanju) predškolske i osnovnoškolske djece koju se uvodilo u vještinu čitanja na francuskom jeziku, što je zahtijevalo osmišljavanje posebne metode poučavanja. Polazište za nastavu bili su izvorni tekstovi dječje književnosti, a učenje informalno, dakle proizašlo iz svakodnevnih aktivnosti povezanih s obitelji ili sa slobodnim vremenom, pri čemu je poseban naglasak stavljen na igru, nadasve zbog njezina pozitivnog utjecaja na dječju motivaciju za čitanje. S nastavničke je strane pak posebna pozornost posvećena odabiru tekstova dječje književnosti (ne samo kako bi se učenike uvelo u dominantne književne, lingvističke i kulturalne kodove već i razvio osjećaj relevantnosti i veselja prilikom čitanja), kao i određivanju ciljeva i ishoda učenja. Provedene evaluacije pokazale su da nastava koja dešifiranje teksta na grafo-fonemskoj razini tijesno veže uz književnoumjetnički tekst i njegovo razumijevanje, pritom se oslanjajući na ludičke aktivnosti, omogućuje da učenici steknu očekivane kompetencije na visokoj razini

Nitrosubstituted hydroxamate ligands in new triphenyltin(IV) complexes as prospective antimicrobial agents

New triphenyltin(IV) hydroxamate complexes, [Ph3Sn(4-NO2CnH)] and [Ph3Sn(4-NO2BzH)] have been synthesized by the reactions of Ph3SnCl with potassium 4-nitrocinnamo hydroxamate [4-NO2C6H4CHCHCONHOK] (KHL1) and potassium 4-nitro benzohydroxamate [4-NO2C6H4CONHOK] (KHL2). The complexes were synthesized in 1:1 molar ratio in MeOH + C6H6 and characterized by physicochemical and IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry. The bidentate hydroxamate involving bonding through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygen (O, O coordination) has been inferred from IR spectra. The electrochemical behavior of complexes has been analyzed. Quasi-irreversible two electron metal-centered cathodic process of type SnIV/SnII redox couple was indicated by cyclic voltammetric technique. The thermal behavior of 1 and 2 studied by TGA has shown continuous decomposition to yield Sn + 0.5SnO2 and SnO2 as final residues. The in vitro antimicrobial activity assays of 1 and 2 against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata) were done by MIC method. The complexes have exhibited appreciable antimicrobial activity relative to the respective standard Gentamycin and Nystatin drugs.</p

Supplementary_material_CH-19-0331 – Supplemental material for Synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of oxidovanadium(IV) complexes of acetylsalicylhydroxamic acid (N-acetyloxy-2-hydroxybenzamide) as potential antimicrobials

Supplemental material, Supplementary_material_CH-19-0331 for Synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of oxidovanadium(IV) complexes of acetylsalicylhydroxamic acid (N-acetyloxy-2-hydroxybenzamide) as potential antimicrobials by Bhanu Priya, Abhishek Kumar and Neeraj Sharma in Journal of Chemical Research</p

Characterization and biological evaluation of phenazine produced by antagonistic pseudomonads against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>ciceris</i>

Analysis of phenazine for fifteen pigment-producing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc) antagonistic rhizobactria, ranged between 20.5 and 706.4 μg/mL, with the maximum production recorded by the isolate Ps45. Similarly, isolate Ps45 exhibited the highest values of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2-hydroxy-phenazine carboxylic acid (2-OH-PCA) concentration (268.1 and 44.4 μg/mL, respectively), whereas isolate Ps44 exhibited the highest hydroxy phenazine-dioxide (OH-P-dioxide) or iodinin concentration (621.2 μg/mL). In 10 pseudomonads, phz CD genes were marked for their capability to synthesize PCA. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of five potential phenazines producers showed coloured spots with the same mobility and Rf value with the standard phenazine and a typical peak maxima at 247 nm. The highest phenazine concentration (612.1 μg/mL) was recorded by isolate Ps44. Scanning electron microscopic(SEM) evaluation of the crude phenazine extract of potential isolates disclosed disrupting and dwindling effects on the hyphal growth of selected virulent strain of Foc hyphal growth.</p

Vanadium(IV) coordination complexes with excellent biological activities: a synthetic, characterization, and density functional theory approach

A set of new oxidovanadium(IV) complexes, [VO(4-NO2C6H4CH = CHCONHO)2] (1), [VO(4-NO2C6H4CH = CHCONHO)2(2–CNC5H4N)] (2) and [VO(4-NO2C6H4CH = CHCONHO)2(4-CNC6H4NH2)] (3), have been synthesized and characterized by different analytical techniques (magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, elemental analysis) and spectroscopic techniques, viz. FTIR, UV–vis, EPR, and mass spectrometry. The magnetic susceptibility, EPR, and ESI-MS data indicate that 1 exists as monomer and a distorted square pyramidal geometry around vanadium is ascertained. The electrochemical study of 1 has shown that it is electrochemically active exhibiting VOV/VOIV quasi-reversible redox couple. The biological activity of 1–3 has been studied against various pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, and Salmonella typhi, and fungi Brachypsectra fulva, Candida albicans, and Fusarium oxysporum by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. In some cases, the synthesized complexes showed superior antibacterial and antifungal activity than the well-known standard drugs tetracycline hydrochloride and fluconazole. The cytotoxicity of 1–3 has been studied on a human cervix carcinoma HeLa cell derivative (mammalian transformed cell line Hep2c) by MTT assay. Density functional theory (DFT) studies have been carried out to determine their relative free energy of formation and optimized molecular structures of 1–3. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) based calculations have been performed to find out the frontier molecular orbitals and corroborate with the experimentally observed electronic transitions of 1. Other parameters like HOMO, LUMO energies, and global reactivity descriptors clearly support higher biological activity of 2 and 3 than 1.</p

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial potential of zinc(II) complexes of nitro-substituted hydroxamic acid chelators

The nitro-substituted hydroxamic acid chelators potassium 4-nitrobenzohydroxamate (4-(NO2)C6H4CONHOK) (KHL1) and 3,5-dinitrosalicylhydroxamate (3,5-(NO2)2(OH)C6H2CONHOK) (KHL2) on reaction with anhydrous zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl2) in 1:2 metal:ligand ratio in MeOH + THF afforded new zinc(II) complexes, [Zn(4-(NO2)C6H4CONHO)2] (1) and [Zn(3,5-(NO2)2(OH)C6H2CONHO)2] (2). The structural characterization of 1 and 2 has been accomplished by physicochemical studies; elemental analyses, molar conductivity, cyclic voltammetry and spectroscopic techniques in the solid state (IR) and in solution (1H NMR and UV-visible). The stoichiometric composition of 1 and 2 has been authenticated by mole ratio method and the stability constants were determined. IR spectral studies suggested the bidentate nature of ligands involving bonding through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygen atoms (O,O’-coordination). The mass spectral data of 1 and 2 have indicated these to be mononuclear. In order to infer the biological relevance of newly synthesized complexes, the in vitro antimicrobial activity assay against pathogenic gram-ve bacteria, viz. Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli; gram + ve bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and fungi Rhizoctoniasolani and Fusarium sambucinum by MIC method has shown appreciable antimicrobial potential. The results have been compared with standard Tetracycline and Nystatin drugs.</p

Theoretical and spectroscopic evidence on a new triphenyltin(IV) 3,5-dinitrosalicylhydroxamate complex: synthesis, structural characterization, and biological screening

The triphenyltin(IV) complex of composition [Ph3Sn(3,5-(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHO)] (1) has been synthesized by the reaction of Ph3SnCl with potassium 3,5-dinitrosalicylhydroxamate [3,5-(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHOK] and characterized by physicochemical studies, spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H 13C, and 119Sn NMR), and mass spectrometry. The electrochemical behavior of ligand and 1 have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The thermal behavior of 1 has been studied by thermogravimetric techniques (TGA, DTG, and DTA) and various kinetic parameters have been calculated. The optimized geometry of 1 was computed by the DFT method using B3LYP/631-G* set. The vibrational frequencies, 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been computed and compared with the experimental data. The global descriptors have been calculated. The various thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy (G), enthalpy (H), entropy (S), bond energy (E), constant heat volume capacity (Cv), internal energy (U), and dipole moment (µ) have been calculated. The in vitro antimicrobial activity assay against pathogenic gram-(−) bacteria viz. Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli; gram-(+) bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; and fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Rhizoctona solani by MIC method; the in vitro cytotoxicity on human muscle rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) by MTT method and the antioxidant potential by DPPH free radical scavenging showed higher inhibitory effect of 1 than ligand.</p

Diorganotin(IV) complexes of 2-chloridophenylacetohydroxamic acid as prospective antimicrobials: synthesis, characterization, and biological properties

New diorganotin(IV) complexes [Me2Sn(2-ClC6H4CH2CONHO)2] (1) and [n-Bu2Sn(2-ClC6H4CH2CONHO)2] (2) have been synthesized by reactions of Me2SnCl2 and n-Bu2SnCl2 with potassium 2-chloridophenylacetohydroxamate (2-ClPhAHK = 2-ClC6H4CH2CONHOK) in 1:2 molar ratio in MeOH+C6H6 solvent medium and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, molecular weight determinations and spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR) and mass spectrometry. Bonding through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygens (O,O coordination) and distorted-octahedral geometry around tin is proposed. The electrochemical behavior of 1 and 2 studied by cyclic voltammetry shows quasi-reversible reductions. Thermal behavior of 1 and 2 in N2 shows decomposition in one step affording SnO as the residue. The in vitro antimicrobial activity assay against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria viz. Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli; Gram-positive Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and fungi Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata by MIC method revealed their significant antimicrobial potential relative to the respective standard Chloramphenicol and Nystatin drugs.</p