LIF Spectroscopy of Fruits: Study of Excitation Wavelength Independence

In fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence emissiongenerally occurs from the excited state with the lowest energy. This is known as "Kasha's rule" and is a general principle with only a few rare exceptions. As a consequence,the emission wavelength is independent of the excitation wavelength. In order to select an appropriate excitation source in fluorescence spectroscopy,it is very important to know the relation between the excitation source wavelength and the emission wavelength. The aim of this paper isto study the excitation-wavelength-independent fluorescence emission of some fruits. To do so, a fluorescence spectrometer controlled by labVIEW software was developed forcollecting the fluorescence spectra ofsome famous fruits.A semiconductor laser and light emitting diodes with different wavelengths was used as the excitation sources

Design, Control, and Harmonic Compensation for Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Voltage-Source Converters: Simulation and Experimental Validations

Zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Kassel, 202

Iranian Version of Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale: A Psychometric Study

Evaluation of communication abilities in the elderly is crucial for activities which will be performed to improve their quality of life. A valid and reliable questionnaire is needed for assessing communication abilities. We aimed to translate and validate the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ) in Iran. The forward-backward procedure was applied to translate the questionnaire from English into Persian. After linguistic validation and pilot study, a cross-sectional study was carried out, and psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the SSQ were tested. Number of 333 elderly individuals with impaired hearing completed the questionnaire. Number 48.3% were hearing aid users and 51.7% was not. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was performed for extracting factor structure of the Persian version of SSQ. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to compare different models of factor loadings. The Mean age of participants was 62.00 years (SD=9.58 years), and the mean SSQ score was 5.1 (SD=1.2, ranged: 3.17-6.27). Reliability evaluation revealed high internal consistency and good test- retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.96 and the Pierson Correlation at test-retest analysis was 0.73 for Quality of hearing factor, 0.88 for Spatial and o.73 for Speech understanding factor. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated a four-factor solution for P-SSQ that jointly accounted for 52.40% of the variance observed. Confirmatory factor analysis approved the three factor solution but proposed a possible fourth factor. The Iranian version of the SSQ has acceptable psychometric properties, and it will be helpful for assessing different kinds of communication abilities in the Iranian elderly population

Corrosion characterization of Sn-Zn solder: a review

Yahaya, Muhamad Zamri/0000-0002-4750-4906; Mohd Nazeri, Muhammad Firdaus/0000-0003-4923-0184WOS: 000458380500006Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and examine three of the most common corrosion characterization techniques specifically on Sn-Zn solders. The discussion will highlight the configurations and recent developments on each of the compiled characterization techniques of potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Design/methodology/approach The approach will incorporate a literature review of previous works related to the experimental setups and common parameters. Findings The potentiostatic polarization, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS were found to provide crucial and vital information on the corrosion properties of Sn-Zn solders. Accordingly, this solder relies heavily on the amount of Zn available because of the inability to produce the intermetallic compound in between the elements. Further, the excellent mechanical properties and low melting temperature of the Sn-Zn solder is undeniable, however, the limitations regarding corrosion resistance present opportunities in furthering research in this field to identify improvements. This is to ensure that the corrosion performance can be aligned with the outstanding mechanical properties. The review also identified and summarized the advantages, recent trends and important findings in this field. Originality/value The unique challenges and future research directions regarding corrosion measurement in Sn-Zn solders were shown to highlight the rarely discussed risks and problems in the reliability of lead-free soldering. Many prior reviews have been undertaken of the Sn-Zn system, but limited studies have investigated the corrosive properties. Therefore, this review focuses on the corrosive characterizations of the Sn-Zn alloy system