IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: EVIDENCES FROM THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature of service quality importance in restaurant industry. The study has been based upon the Servqual technique and Dineserv tool of improving the quality by the service providing organizations. The study is undertaken from the perspective of Pakistani Restaurant Industry and the customers' perceptions vis-à-vis restaurant dining. Two variables of Servqual, i.e. Tangibles and Responsiveness, have been examined to demonstrate the significance of service quality on customer satisfaction. The results endorse the importance of enhanced complementary service standards in restaurant industry. Finally, the findings provide an insight for the Pakistani restaurant service providing establishments and suggestion have been made for the caretakers of the industry on ways to improve service quality.marketing; restaurants; servqual; customer satisfaction

IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: EVIDENCES FROM THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature of service qualityimportance in restaurant industry. The study has been based upon theServqual technique and Dineserv tool of improving the quality by the serviceproviding organizations. The study is undertaken from the perspective ofPakistani Restaurant Industry and the customers' perceptions vis-à-visrestaurant dining. Two variables of Servqual, i.e. Tangibles andResponsiveness, have been examined to demonstrate the significance ofservice quality on customer satisfaction. The results endorse the importanceof enhanced complementary service standards in restaurant industry. Finally,the findings provide an insight for the Pakistani restaurant service providingestablishments and suggestion have been made for the caretakers of theindustry on ways to improve service quality

Tourists’ Personal Development Through Participatory Consumer-Generated Content

The paper seeks to investigate key factors influencing the personal development of tourists. This study examines the relationship between participatory consumer-generated content and tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills, as well as the moderating effect of previous tourists’ experiences. To evaluate the research model, 301 valid responses were examined using the PLS-SEM technique. The empirical findings showed that participatory consumer-generated content positively relates to tourists’ capabilities, emotions, and skills. Moreover, previous tourists’ experiences moderate the relationships of participatory consumer-generated content with tourists’ capabilities and skills; however, previous tourists’ experiences have no moderation effect on tourists’ emotions. Thus, our paper\u27s findings offer valuable contributions to theory and practice. Practitioners and authorities should stimulate users to share their tourism experiences and take the initiative to share easily traceable and searchable data. Moreover, businesses should implement activities that encourage tourists to share their experiences as soon as possible and make travel and tourism websites and social media platforms readily available

Capital Structure Decision, Importance and implementation(The Case of KSE)

Financial management of the capital structure decision is one of the most important decisions. Capital structure decisions in the areas of corporate finance are at the heart of many decisions. These so dividend policies, project financing, the issuance of long-term securities, mergers and financing of copies, and so on. This thesis focuses on the determinants of capital structure for the non-financial firms listed on the Karachi Stock exchange (KSE). The sample period selected for the study was 1993-2002. The effect of five explanatory variables is measured on leverage ratio which is calculated by dividing the total debt by total assets.  We first present some descriptive statistics on our selected variables. The most interesting finding of our descriptive statistics is the highest leverage ratio for textile industry whereas the average profitability of textile industry is negative.  Our explanation of this fact is the continuous year to year understatement to the profit by family controlled firms in the textile industry in order to deprive government of taxes and minority shareholders of dividend. The profit figure is thus negative on average for all years that brings down the equity figure and raises the debt percentage in overall financing. We used five explanatory variables to measure their effect on leverage ratio.  Three of our variables were significantly related to leverage ratio whereas the remaining two variables were not statistically significant in having relationship with the debt ratio.  Our results approve the prediction of trade-off theory in case of tangibility variable whereas the growth (GT) variable confirms the agency theory hypothesis. Size (SZ) variable neither confirms to the prediction of trade-off theory nor to asymmetry of information theory. KEY WORDS; Capital structure, Karachi Stock exchange, Dividend policie

Marketing Practices of Textile Business and Firm's Performance: A Case of Pakistan

Marketing is necessity of every business. In the context of local textile industry of Pakistan, Ghouri et al. (2011) study has been replicated to find the effects of marketing practices on the firm performances of textiles industry in the boundaries of Pakistan. 156 questionnaires analyze from the cities of Faisalabad, Islamabad/Pindi, Karachi, Lahore and Multan. Finding suggested that vague marketing practices are carrying out and textile firms wasting their time and money on marketing practices and forgone the potential benefits

Stock Market Reaction to Political Events (Evidence from Pakistan)

This study examines the impact of events of different nature like: political, natural calamities and terrorism on the share prices of the financial sector of Pakistan. A sample of 14 companies are selected randomly from the financial sector (Insurance and Banking) listed on the KSE-100 index. The time span is of four years i-e 2007-10. The data is analyzed through paired samples t-test statistics. The results indicate that events have significant impact on the stock prices and prices behave negatively when a major event emerges on national or international front. A joint effort is required from different individuals, stake holders, regulators, economists, investors, government and foreign officials to secure the effectiveness of the financial market in Pakistan from the curse of political pressure, terrorists and suicidal bombing which in return help in the prosperity of the country. To encourage and motivate the investors both domestically or internationally the governance system in country should be fair and transparent and secure environment would increase the morale of the investors. Keywords: Paired sample t-test statistics; Events study Method Approach, Stock Price

Gender Stereotypes and Teachers Perceptions (The Case of Pakistan)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and perception of university teachers towards students’ gender role. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to engender the responses from 155 university teachers of private  and public sector  universities in Pakistan and responses were analyzed according to gender and education in order to find out that why they show biasness towards male and female students and how gender-stereotype is played out by teachers in the classroom. In this paper we will also analyze that how these demographic independent variables effects the belief and perception of teachers regarding students’ gender role. Results indicate that teachers have different behavior towards male and female students and it is due to teacher’s perceptions and attitude toward their students’ gender role. Result shows that discrimination by teachers towards the students’ gender role in public and private sector universities as well as age, qualification, designation, language, marital status and ownership have significant relationship with students’ gender biasness. This relationship has not been investigated in Pakistan before so our study is with the purpose to empirically get an insight to Pakistan. As teacher gender role stereotyping is the most considerable factor in educational differences of gender but there are few studies focusing on it. It is agreed that teachers have the greatest influence on educational stereotypes so; our study is part of the minority effort to deal with this problem. Keywords: Teachers ‘Demographics, Gender Stereotypes, Teachers' Perceptions and Belief, Students' Gender Roles; Pakistan

Improved Hourly Cooling and Heating Load Analysis Using Residential Load Factor Method

Residential buildings are major energy consumers, and efficient energy management is crucial. This study addresses the gap in existing research by proposing a novel residential load factor method tailored to hourly climatic data. This method enhances the accuracy of cooling load calculations throughout the year compared to traditional approaches using peak or seasonal averages. The proposed method integrates with the well-established residential load factor framework, capturing the dynamic influence of temperature variations on energy use. Furthermore, the accuracy of the residential load factor method was verified by comparing the results with those of the RETScreen Expert software. The research also compares buildings based on energy efficiency measures applied. Comparison is carried out for a building with energy efficiency measures and a building without incorporating energy efficiency measures. The results highlight significant yearly reductions in cooling load (47.92%), leading to lower energy costs ($264.2) and reduced 6621 kg of CO2 emissions. This study paves the way for further research, including integrating weather forecasting data and exploring the economic feasibility of energy-saving measures in various contexts. By improving this method, building designers can make better choices to make residential buildings energy-efficient and environmentally friendly