Transformations of Consumer Behaviour In The "New" Economy

The aspects of the "new" economy development at the macro level and in individual companies have been addressed in the works by leading researchers (G.B. Kleiner, D.E. Sorokin, M. Castells, P. Himanen). However, the usual focus is on producers and not substantially on the transformations of consumer behaviour while changes in consumer motivations and behaviour factors transform producer patterns. The purpose of this paper is to establish the trends, motives, and factors of consumer behaviour in the emerging "new" economy and to analyse their influence on the Russian economic potential in implementing its major technology development priorities. Considering the above purpose, the paper addresses the following objectives: major aspects of the "new" economy are identified and profiled; key transformations of consumer markets in the world and in Russia are analysed; Russian consumer patterns are analysed; strategic ways to improve the competitiveness of Russian companies are substantiated, considering transforming consumer behaviours. The main methods of the study include the statistical, comparative, dynamic, coefficient, and structural research methods. The trends in consumer behaviour are identified, including the intensifying influence of moral, informational, technological, and intellectual principles. The paper analyses the sources and factors of consumer behaviour under the consistent implementation of information, technological, and innovation activities. The logical link is established between consumer behaviour and the competitiveness of companies. It is pointed out that most major companies in developed economies focus their competitive efforts not on inherent but rather acquired competitive advantages, such as intellectual and technological factors. This reflects the consumer focus on aestheticisation, symbolisation, informatisation, standardisation, humanisation, technologisation, and ecologisation of product consumption. Given the above trends, capital, as a production factor, gives way to information, knowledge, and intellectual capacities

Business Angel Investment in Russia: Problems and Prospects

Russian state policy is aimed at the formation of the national innovation system. Stimulation of the innovation activities of entrepreneurs is crucial in terms of innovative development of the country. In many ways, it is determined by the availability of financial resources in the early stages of the innovation project. At the same time, a high level of risk determines the reluctance of traditional investors to make investments at this stage of development of the company. Funding for the seed stage of the innovative project can be often provided by private investors only. In this regard, the role of business angel investments, which are a powerful financial resource for the seed stage of the project, increases. Business angels can provide financial assistance when traditional investors, such as banks and even venture capital funds, refuse. The analysis of statistical information on the development of business angel investing in Russia was carried out to achieve the goal. The article deals with current trends and prospects of development of business angel investing in Russia, defines their role and importance for the development of the Russian economy. Special attention is paid to the problems faced by private investors who wish to finance the early stages of innovative projects. Keywords: business angel investment, venture funding, innovation activity JEL Classifications: O12; O16; O3

Моделированиe Сферы Обращения С Отходами Производства И Потребления

The article shows how the digitalization of industry influences the development of the economy and is able to change the structure of the world economic system, which includes the potential of buyers, the structure of industry sectors, and the significance of the state. The beneficial effects of the industry digitalization can be noted in all layers of society, from individual buyers to the state in general. The purpose of the work is to analyze the level of digitalization of industrial enterprises and the development of measures to improve this process, as well as to assess the impact of digitalization on the economic security of the state. When working on the topic, various general research methods were employed including analysis of legal documentation, classification, and generalization. The peculiarity of the industry digitalization is that the main resource is the knowledge, information, and technical and technological part of the digital base.El artículo muestra cómo la digitalización de la industria afecta el desarrollo de la economía y puede cambiar la estructura del sistema económico global, que incluye el potencial de los compradores, la estructura de las industrias y la importancia del estado. Los efectos positivos de la digitalización de la industria están presentes en absolutamente todas las capas, desde los clientes individuales hasta el estado en su conjunto. El propósito del trabajo es analizar el estado del nivel de digitalización de una empresa industrial y desarrollar medidas para aumentarlo y evaluar el impacto de la digitalización para garantizar la seguridad económica del estado. Al escribir el trabajo, se utilizaron varios métodos generales de investigación científica, análisis de documentos reglamentarios, clasificación, generalización. Una característica de la digitalización de la industria es que el principal recurso es el conocimiento, la información y la parte técnica y tecnológica de la base digital.Отходы являются одной из причин нарушения естественных биогеохимических циклов, занимают значительные территории для складирования, загрязняют вредными и токсичными веществами, пылью, газообразными выделениями атмосферу, почву, поверхностные и подземные воды, регулирование их потоков является важной необходимостью для обеспечения благоприятной среды обитания человека. Влияние ситуации в сфере образования отходов на общую экологическую обстановку критично, что обуславливает необходимость учета данного фактора при оценке экономического развития. Экологическая ситуация в России многими экологами оценивается как стабильно негативная, не претерпевающая серьезных улучшений. По данным Росстата за последнее десятилетие сократились ежегодные сбросы в водоемы сточных вод (на 15,7% с 2005 по 2015 гг) и загрязняющих атмосферу веществ (на 12,7% за этот же период), что объясняется кризисными явлениями в экономике (в 2008 и 2015 годах) и некоторым ужесточением природоохранного законодательства (повышением платежей за негативное воздействие на окружающую природную среду). В статье рассматриваются методические подходы к анализу и прогнозированию процессов, происходящих в сфере обращения с отходами производства и потребления. Приведены результаты прогноза объемов накопленных отходов с использованием динамической модели межотраслевого баланса. Рассчитаны показатели полной отходоемкости по видам экономической деятельности