‘Understanding’ as a practical issue in sexual health education for people with intellectual disabilities: a study using two qualitative methods

Objective: Sexual health education is important in addressing the health and social inequalities faced by people with intellectual disabilities. However, provision of health-related advice and education to people with various types and degrees of linguistic and learning difficulties involves addressing complex issues of language and comprehension. This paper reports an exploratory study using two qualitative methods to examine the delivery of sexual health education to people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Four video-recordings of sexual health education sessions were collected. Conversation analysis was used to examine in detail how such education occurs as a series of interactions between educators and learners. Interviews with four educators were carried out and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The analysis shows how educators anticipate problems of comprehension and how they respond when there is evidence that a person does not understand the activity or the educational message. This occurs particularly when verbal prompts involve long sentences and abstract concepts. We show a characteristic pattern which arises in these situations, in which both educator and learner jointly produce a superficially correct response. Conclusions: While interviews allows us some insight into contextual issues, strategy, and aspects of sexual health education which occur outside of the actual teaching sessions, analysis of actual interactions can show us patterns which occur in interactions between educators and learners when comprehension is in question. Addressing how sexual health education is delivered in practice and in detail provides valuable lessons about how such education can be improved

MOESM1 of When is enough, enough? Understanding and solving your sample size problems in health services research

Additional file 1. Case study. This case study illustrates the steps of a sample size calculation

Additional file 4: of RNA sequencing analysis reveals quiescent microglia isolation methods from postnatal mouse brains and limitations of BV2 cells

Fold changes and average expression level of all transcripts among various isolation methods. (XLSX 4831 kb

sj-docx-1-jre-10.1177_15562646211048268 - Supplemental material for “No Country Bureaucratised its way to Excellence”: A Content Analysis of Comments on a Petition to Streamline Australian Research Ethics and Governance Processes

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jre-10.1177_15562646211048268 for “No Country Bureaucratised its way to Excellence”: A Content Analysis of Comments on a Petition to Streamline Australian Research Ethics and Governance Processes by Anna M. Scott, E. Ann Bryant, Jennifer A. Byrne, Natalie Taylor and Adrian G. Barnett in Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics</p

Additional file 5: of RNA sequencing analysis reveals quiescent microglia isolation methods from postnatal mouse brains and limitations of BV2 cells

Fold changes and average expression level of all transcripts among all groups in LPS, Aβ, and aging studies. (XLSX 723 kb

sj-docx-2-jre-10.1177_15562646211048268 - Supplemental material for “No Country Bureaucratised its way to Excellence”: A Content Analysis of Comments on a Petition to Streamline Australian Research Ethics and Governance Processes

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-jre-10.1177_15562646211048268 for “No Country Bureaucratised its way to Excellence”: A Content Analysis of Comments on a Petition to Streamline Australian Research Ethics and Governance Processes by Anna M. Scott, E. Ann Bryant, Jennifer A. Byrne, Natalie Taylor and Adrian G. Barnett in Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics</p

Understanding the impact of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with metabolic comorbidities on adults: a real-world qualitative study

Limited real-world evidence exists to better understand the patient experience of living with symptoms and impacts of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aimed to (1) describe patient-reported perspectives of NASH symptoms and impacts on patients’ daily lives and (2) develop a patient-centered conceptual NASH model. A cross-sectional study using semi-structured qualitative interviews was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in the United States living with NASH. Eligible participants were diagnosed with NASH, had mild to advanced fibrosis (F1-F3), and no other causes of liver disease. The interview guide was informed by a targeted literature review (TLR) to identify clinical signs, symptoms, impacts, and unmet treatment needs of NASH. Participants described their experiences and perspectives around NASH and the symptoms, symptom severity/bother, and impact of NASH on their daily activities. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for coding and thematic analysis. Twenty participants (age: 42.4 years; female: 50.0%) were interviewed. Participants discussed their experience with NASH symptoms (most frequent: fatigue [75.0%]; weakness/lethargy [70.0%]) and impacts (most frequent: physical and psychological/emotional [70.0% each]; dietary [68.4%]). Participants considered most symptoms to be moderately severe or severe and moderately or highly bothersome. Findings from the TLR and qualitative interviews were incorporated into a conceptual model that describes patient-reported symptoms and impacts of NASH, clinical signs, risk factors, and unmet treatment needs. Our study provides insights into patients’ perspectives of NASH symptoms and their impact on their daily lives. These findings may guide patient-physician conversations, supporting patient-centered treatment decisions and disease management. Study findings help to address the gap in current literature about patients’ perspectives on NASH and its symptoms as well as its impact on daily life. The study proposes a holistic conceptual model that describes patients’ perspectives of living with NASH, including symptoms and their impact, the clinical signs and risk factors of NASH, and the unmet treatment needs of the disease. Healthcare providers can use study findings to inform patient-focused decisions around treatment strategies for NASH.</p

Additional file 2: of RNA sequencing analysis reveals quiescent microglia isolation methods from postnatal mouse brains and limitations of BV2 cells

Sequencing depth of all the RNA-Seq samples. a Read count of all samples. b Mapping percentage of all samples. (TIF 447 kb

Additional file 1: of RNA sequencing analysis reveals quiescent microglia isolation methods from postnatal mouse brains and limitations of BV2 cells

Characterization of isolated microglia. a Purity of isolated microglia from the three isolation methods. Purity was quantified by counting Iba1+ microglia in total cells, which were indicated by DAPI and immunocytochemical staining from at least five randomly selected fields. b Representative astrocyte images showing positive GFAP staining (Iba1+, green; GFAP+, red). DAPI indicates nuclei. Scale bar, 50 Οm. (TIF 856 kb

Additional file 3: of RNA sequencing analysis reveals quiescent microglia isolation methods from postnatal mouse brains and limitations of BV2 cells

PCA plot on transcriptomes of all samples. (TIF 255 kb