Adsorption properties of low-cost synthesized nanozeolite L for efficient removal of toxic methylene blue dye from aqueous solution

In this study, nanozeolite L was applied for the removal of toxic methylene blue dye (MB) to evaluate its feasibility as an effective adsorbent. Synthesized nanozeolite L was characterized by X­ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and energy-dispersive X­ray analysis (EDX) methods to determine its basic physicochemical properties. Batch adsorption studies were performed as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial MB concentration, and temperature. The adsorption behavior of MB was fitted better by the Langmuir isotherm than by the Freundlich isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity of nanozeolite L was obtained 80.64 mg g-1. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) and the positive value of the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) affirmed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Based on these findings, nanozeolite L, with high surface area, great adsorption capacity, and low synthetic cost, can be an effective and economical adsorbent for MB removal

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Synthesis of an oxidation-resistant SiC coating on graphite and modeling analysis with thermodynamics calculations

AbstractA graded SiC coating was prepared on a graphite substrate by a pack cementation technique at 1 873 K to improve the oxidation resistance. The HSC Chemistry software was used for thermodynamics calculations. The coating was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Isothermal oxidation testing of the samples was performed at 1 773 K in air. The modeling analysis indicated that aluminum oxide can be reduced and an SiC coating can be formed due to the reaction of silicon with CO and carbon with SiO. The growth of the SiC nanofibers was attributed to the gaseous reaction of SiO with CO. A 600 μm thick SiC layer can be observed at the graphite–coating interface. The simulation and experimental results were consistent with each other. The mass loss of the SiC coated sample was 1.1 % after oxidation for 10 h, whereas the graphite was fully oxidized after 1 h.</jats:p