Validasi Analitik Kit ELISA Komersial untuk Mengukur Metabolit Estrogen dan Progesteron pada Feses Tarsius (Tarsius spectrum)

Penentuan status reproduksi pada satwa liar atau satwa yang ditangkarkan merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam manajemen pengembangbiakan satwa. Evaluasi metabolit hormon estrogen dan progesteron secara non-invasive dari sampel feses untuk memonitor fungsi reproduksi telah dilakukan sejak lama pada beberapa spesies mamalia. Validasi asai pada Tarsius belum pernah dilaporkan sehingga validasi asai merupakan hal yang sangat penting sebelum digunakan dalam studi karena metabolit steroid bersifat spesifik spesies. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan validasi analitik kit enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) komersial untuk menganalisis metabolit hormon estrogen dan progesteron pada feses T. spectrum. Uji paralelisme dilakukan pada asai DRG® estradiol (E2), estron (E1), dan progesteron (P4) dengan pengenceran bertingkat (1:2–1:128) ekstrak feses dari beberapa status reproduksi yang berbeda  pada Tarsius yang dibandingkan dengan kurva standar dari masing-masing asai.  Hasil uji paralelisme terhadap kit DRG® estron menunjukkan hasil yang tidak paralel. Dari uji paralelisme DRG® estradiol dan progesteron, didapatkan hasil kurva sampel dengan standar yang tidak konsisten. Hanya ditemukan satu dari lima kurva sampel yang diuji yang paralel dengan kurva standar asai DRG® estrogen dan progesteron. Berdasarkan hasil tes paralelisme tersebut, kit komersial ELISA DRG® estron, estradiol, dan progesteron tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengukur metabolit  estrogen dan progesteron pada feses T. spectrum

Evaluation of the effects of green tea extract as a dietary supplement in sheep on gas production, volatile fatty acids, and digestibility

Background and Aim: Phenolic tannins, which are ubiquitous in plants, exhibit diverse biological activities and have drawn significant attention for their potential impact on ruminant nutrition and health. Although phenolic tannins have beneficial and detrimental effects on rumen fermentation, their precise influence remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of varying doses of green tea extract (GTE) on rumen fermentation parameters through an in vitro trial using sheep rumen liquids. Materials and Methods: A 4 × 2 factorial design was used to test the effect of 4 different doses of GTE treatment (0, 140, 280, and 560 mg/kg) in 2 different in vitro runs on degradability, fermentation profiles, and gas production using the in vitro Hohenheim Gas Test method. Results: Across running times, the GTE-treated diet did not affect (p > 0.05) dry matter degradability % and organic matter degradability %, pH, ammonia (NH3-N, mg/dL), 24 h total gas production (tGP 24h, mL), and acetate-to-propionate ratio (A: P), but it reduced (p < 0.05) tGP 6 h compared with GTE-0 (control diet without GTE). GTE treatment tended to reduce (p < 0.1) methane (CH4, % LEL) and total volatile Fatty Acids (tVFA, mM). Across GTE treatment, the 1st in vitro run had higher (p < 0.001) tGP 6–24 h and pH, but lower (p < 0.001) tVFA and A: P in comparison with the 2nd in vitro run. Conclusion: GTE treatment tends to decrease CH4 output in rumen without affecting degradability, tGP, and most fermentation profiles, except for a tendency to reduce tVFA

The Effect of Giving Gel Combination of Binahong Leaf Extract and Turmeric Rhizome Extract on Histopathological Epithelial Thickness in II B Degree Burn of Rattus norvegicus

This aim of this research was to study the effect of giving a combination gel of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf and turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) rhizome extract on histopathology of epithelial thickness which has II B degree burns. Twenty five male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups. K(-) group was normal skin, K(+) group was skin burns treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine, P1, P2, and P3 was skin burns treated with gel combination of binahong leaf extract and turmeric rhizome extract with increase concentration of binahong leaf extract i.e. 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%, while the concentration of turmeric rhizome extract i.e. 2% for each treatment. The combination gel of binahong leaf extrac 1.25% and turmeric rhizome extract 2% has potential to be an effective treatment for II B burns as indicated by increased of epithelial thickness. Therefore, this study concluded that 1.25% combination gel of binahong leaf extract and turmeric rhizome extract 2% is the effective dosage to increase epithelial thickness on II B healing degree burns wound healing

Red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract increased the motility and viability of spermatozoa of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus)

This study aims to determine the effect of red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract (RDFPE) on spermatozoa motility and viability of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus) as a model. Twenty male rats were randomly divided into negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2), and treatment 3 (T3) groups. All rats were given 2 mL of high cholesterol feed orally every day for 28 days. On day-15, all rats were measured for their blood cholesterol levels, followed by treatment for 14 days. Rats in the NC, PC, T1, T2, and T3 groups were treated with 1% Na-CMC, Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW, and RDFPE of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively. On day-29, all rats were sacrificed to evaluate spermatozoa viability and motility. The results showed that spermatozoa viability and motility in the hypercholesterolemic rats (NC) group were the lowest (p 0.05) compared with the Simvastatin treated (PC) group. It could be concluded that the administration of 1000 mg/kg BW ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel increased the viability and motility of spermatozoa of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were the same as the group of rats given Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW

Effect of probiotics and acidifiers on feed intake, egg mass, production performance, and egg yolk chemical composition in late-laying quails

Background and Aim: Probiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters because antibiotics are prohibited worldwide. This study investigated the potential combination of probiotics and acidifiers to improve feed intake, productive performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition of late-laying quail for the health of humans who consume quail products. Materials and Methods: One hundred laying quails were divided into 4 × 5 treatments, with each group consisting of five replications. The adaptation period was 2 weeks, and the treatment was continued for 4 weeks. Probiotics and acidifiers were added to drinking water and incorporated into the diet. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Treatment duration (1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks) and additional feed treatment (control, probiotic 2% + 0.5% acidifier, probiotic 2% + 1% acidifier, probiotic 4% + 0.5% acidifier, and probiotic 4% + 1% acidifier, respectively). Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in feed intake, quail day production, feed efficiency, egg mass in laying quails, and the chemical composition of egg yolk with probiotics and acidifiers in late-laying quails. Conclusion: The combination of probiotics and acidifiers can improve feed intake, production performance, egg mass, and egg yolk chemical composition in late-laying quails

Amelioration on oxidative stress, testosterone, and cortisol levels after administration of Vitamins C and E in albino rats with chronic variable stress

Background and Aim: Stress can cause physiological and biological disorders in the body. On the other hand, antioxidants from vitamins and minerals are effective for stress treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the administration of Vitamins C and E on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), testosterone, and cortisol activity in albino rats with chronic variable stress (CVS). Materials and Methods: Twenty albino rats were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: C was administered normal saline; T1 was administered Vitamins C and E; T2 was only induced CVS; and T3 was induced CVS followed by Vitamins C and E administration. All treatments were applied for 4 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, 5 mL of blood samples were collected intracardially. Body weight data were collected for the initial and final weights. From serum samples, SOD, GPx, and CAT were measured using the enzymol method; MDA was measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography method; and testosterone and cortisol were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All variables were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test (p<0.05). Results: Our findings showed that the T1 and T3 groups significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to T2 in the following parameters: SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol. Meanwhile, CAT and testosterone levels in the T1 and T3 groups were significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to the T2 group. In addition, the weight gain in T1 and T3 groups was significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to T2 group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of Vitamins C and E had a significant effect to alleviate SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol and to improve the testosterone level in albino rats with CVS

Karakteristik silase pucuk tebu (saccharum officinarum, linn) dengan penambahan lactobacillus plantarum

Ensiling was one solution for handle lack of forage at dry season in tropical area. Sugarcane top is one of crop residues conserved as silage. The aim of this study were to determine the effect of added Lactobacillus plantarum (0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%) to sugarcane top silage with 5% molasses as additive, and incubated for 30 days to pH and the characteristic (colors, teksture, smelt and the fungi ). The low pH in P2 between 3.97 - 4.35 had significant compared to the P0, but not significant compared to the P1 and P2. silage, sugarcane top, lactid acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantaru

Differences effect of red and big white ginger extract as anti-inflammatory agents by In vitro

This research was conducted to evaluate the possibility of different anti-inflammatory effects from the extract of red ginger and big white ginger by measuring their protein (bovine serum albumin) denaturation inhibitory capability. This study is a quasi experimental, using a model reaction between 0.2 % BSA were heated to form protein denaturation by five groups: red ginger water extract group, red ginger ethanol extract group, big white ginger water extract group, and big white ginger ethanol extract group as the test group (200 ppm, 100 ppm, 10 ppm, and 1 ppm) and diclofenac sodium as the standard group (40 ppm, 20 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, and 1.3 ppm). Potential inhibition of protein denaturation is known to determine the value of IC50. The results of this study indicate that the red ginger water extract has the IC50 value of 107.4513 ppm (r=0.967), the red ginger ethanol extract has the IC50 value of 193.4338 ppm (r=0.959), the big white ginger water extract has the IC50 value 160 ppm (r=0.969), the big white ginger ethanol extract has the IC50 value 160.9536 ppm (r=0.994), of whereas for diclofenac sodium by 27.1133 ppm (r=0.874). These results indicate that the red ginger and big white ginger as a potential inhibitor of protein denaturation for inflammatory processes in vitro