The Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil

Fossil fuel crisis and depletion, environmental pollution and ever-increase in vehicle and transportation means have renewed the scientist\u27s interest in the world in order to look for potential alternative fuels, which are attractive such as biodiesel, bioethanol, DME and vegetable oils. Inedible vegetable oils such as coconut oil, Jatropha oil, linseed oil or animal fat are full of potential for using directly or manufacturing biodiesel. This work is carried out in order to study the four stroke diesel engine D240 performance characteristics fueled with preheated pure coconut oil (PCO), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and compare with diesel oil (DO). The test diesel engine performance such as power (Ne), torque (Me), specific fuel consumption (ge) and thermal efficiency (ηe) is determined, calculated and evaluated while using JOME, preheated PCO and compared to DO. The results show that, power (Ne), torque (Me) and thermal efficiency (ηe) while engine is fueled with JOME and PCO are lower, otherwise specific fuel consumption (ge) is higher than those of diesel fuel, the test engine performance are gained the best for JOME and PCO100. Keywords: biofuel, biodiesel, preheated vegetable oils, engine performance, efficiency, specific fuel consumption.Article History: Received Dec 9, 2016; Received in revised form January 28, 2017; Accepted February 4, 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Hoang, T.A and Le,V. V. (2017). The Performance of A Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1), 1-7.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.1-

A Strategy for Power Density Amelioration of Capacitive Reverse Electrodialysis Systems with a Single Membrane

Blue energy refers to the osmotic energy released while combining solutions of different salinity. Recently, single-membrane-based capacitive reverse electrodialysis cells were developed for blue energy harvesting. The performance of these cells is limited by the low ion-electron flux transfer efficiency of the capacitive electrodes in the current operating regimes. To optimize it, we point out an original boosting strategy of using a secondary voltage source E0 placed in series with the capacitive concentration cell. The net recovered power is defined as the difference between the power dissipated in the load resistor and the power supplied by the secondary voltage. Experimental results indicate a maximum power density of 5.26 W·m–2 (where the salinity difference is 0.17 and 5.13 M), which corresponds to a 59.8% increase compared with its power density of 3.29 W·m–2 without boosting strategy. A good agreement on power density is reached for theoretical simulations and experimental results. Influential factors are systematically studied to further reveal the boosting strategy

<i>Clock</i> Gene Modulates Roles of <i>OXTR</i> and <i>AVPR1b</i> Genes in Prosociality

<div><p>Background</p><p>The arginine vasopressin receptor (<i>AVPR</i>) and oxytocin receptor (<i>OXTR</i>) genes have been demonstrated to contribute to prosocial behavior. Recent research has focused on the manner by which these simple receptor genes influence prosociality, particularly with regard to the AVP system, which is modulated by the <i>clock</i> gene. The <i>clock</i> gene is responsible for regulating the human biological clock, affecting sleep, emotion and behavior. The current study examined in detail whether the influences of the <i>OXTR</i> and <i>AVPR1b</i> genes on prosociality are dependent on the <i>clock</i> gene.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>This study assessed interactions between the <i>clock</i> gene (rs1801260, rs6832769) and the <i>OXTR</i> (rs1042778, rs237887) and <i>AVPR1b</i> (rs28373064) genes in association with individual differences in prosociality in healthy male Chinese subjects (<i>n</i> = 436). The Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM-R) was used to assess prosociality. Participants carrying both the GG/GA variant of <i>AVPR1b</i> rs28373064 and the AA variant of <i>clock</i> rs6832769 showed the highest scores on the Emotional PTM. Carriers of both the T allele of <i>OXTR</i> rs1042778 and the C allele of <i>clock</i> rs1801260 showed the lowest total PTM scores compared with the other groups.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The observed interaction effects provide converging evidence that the <i>clock</i> gene and OXT/AVP systems are intertwined and contribute to human prosociality.</p></div

indicated that CT carriers of COMT rs2020917 perform better on cognitive ToM than those with CC genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and TT genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.043).

<p>indicated that CT carriers of COMT rs2020917 perform better on cognitive ToM than those with CC genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and TT genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.043).</p

Mean scores and standard deviations of each component of Prosocial Tendencies Measure.

<p>Mean scores and standard deviations of each component of Prosocial Tendencies Measure.</p

Means and standard deviations of total Prosocial Tendencies Measure depending on the interaction of <i>OXTR</i> rs1042778 and <i>clock</i> rs1801260.

<p><b>T+/C+</b>: Carriers of the genotype configuration T+/C+, GT or TT for <i>OXTR</i> rs1042778 and CT or CC for <i>clock</i> rs1801260; <b>T+/C–</b>: GT or TT for <i>OXTR</i> rs1042778 and TT for <i>clock</i> rs1801260; <b>T−/C+</b>: GG for <i>OXTR</i> rs1042778 and CT or CC for <i>clock</i> rs1801260; <b>T−/C−</b>: GG for <i>OXTR</i> rs1042778 and TT for <i>clock</i> rs1801260.</p

COMT SNPs genotype frequency.

<p>Notes: mAF, minor allelic frequency; <i>P</i>-HWE, <i>P-value</i> of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.</p

Mean score and standard deviations of every ToM task.

<p>Note: *<i>p<</i>0.05.</p

Means and SEMs of Emotional Prosocial Tendencies Measure depending on the interaction of <i>AVPR1b</i> rs28373064 and <i>clock</i> rs6832769.

<p><b>G+/G+</b>: Carriers of the genotype configuration G+/G+, GG or GA for <i>AVPR1b</i> rs28373064 and GG or GA for <i>clock</i> rs6832769; <b>G+/G−</b>: Carriers of GG or GA for <i>AVPR1b</i> rs28373064 and AA for <i>clock</i> rs6832769; <b>G−/G+</b>: Carriers of AA for <i>AVPR1b</i> rs28373064 and GG or GA for <i>clock</i> rs6832769; <b>G−/G−</b>: Carriers of AA for <i>AVPR1b</i> rs28373064 and AA for <i>clock</i> rs6832769.</p

Revealed that female carriers of COMT rs599883 GT genotype scored higher than males with GT genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.023).

<p>And for females, TT genotype carriers performed better on affective ToM tasks than GG carriers (<i>p</i> = 0.017).</p