Penciptaan Komunikasi Visual Perancangan Program Edutainment “Seri Aktivitas Alam: Gunung Meletus”

This research is the continuation of previous research. The research is included in the creation of visual communication solutions on how a process of visual communication strategy can contribute a persuasive invitation. Research aims to expose the solution in the realm of visual communication. The research applied qualitative method. It began with the development of communicators becoming a mascot, continued on the delivery of messages through the comics, and invited children as audience target for design experience with game and gimmick. Result of the research is the visual design, as well as including the process of visual communication creation. As a conclusion, creating a visual communication solution could be carried out by the same method, similar matching scope, as well as the contents adjusted with new needs

Effects of High Concentrations of CO₂ on the Lower Flammability Limits of Oxy-methane Mixtures

In this paper, the effects of high concentrations of CO₂ on the lower flammability limits (LFL) of the CH₄/O₂/CO₂ mixture were studied. For comparison, the LFL of the CH₄/O₂/N₂ mixture were studied in the same way. First, the LFL of gas mixtures were measured using a cylindrical quartz glass tube in the condition of various oxygen concentrations. The experimental values of LFL of CH₄/O₂/CO₂ decreased with the increase of oxygen concentrations, but the decreasing rate was small. Then, the chemical, thermal, and radiative effects of high concentrations of CO₂ on the LFL were analyzed with the energy balance analysis. The thermal property of the gas mixture played the major role in the determination of the LFL. The radiative effect of CO₂ on the LFL was much smaller than the thermal effect. The chemical effect of CO₂ has little impact on the LFL of CH₄/O₂/CO₂. Finally, the LFL of the CH₄/O₂/CO₂ mixture were well-predicted using the calculated flame temperature method with a fixed critical temperature

Spontaneous Vesicle Phase Formation by Linear Pseudo-Oligomeric Surfactant in Aqueous Solutions

In the present work, we reported a novel linear pseudo-oligomeric surfactant, which is formed by mixing dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and a linear tricationic imidazolium bromide salt (LTIB) in a molar ratio of 3:1. The aggregation behavior, aggregate structures, and interactions between SDBS and LTIB were investigated by surface tension measurement, dynamic light scattering, turbidity, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and ¹H NMR techniques. When SDBS is mixed with LTIB in aqueous solutions, three SDBS molecules may be “bridged” to one cationic LTIB molecule by intermolecular interactions, behaving like a linear oligomeric surfactant. Vesicles can be formed by this kind of linear pseudo-oligomeric surfactant. The aggregation behavior of the LTIB/SDBS mixed aqueous solutions behaves ratio- and concentration- dependence. Our work paves a convenient way for constructing surfactant systems with the characteristics of linear pseudo-oligomeric surfactant through intermolecular interactions between commercially available single-chain surfactants and linear tricationic imidazolium counterions

Supporting information from Photocatalytic degradation properties of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles for dibutyl phthalate in aqueous solution system

Fig.S1 shows the UV-Vis spectra of the different concentrations of DBP solution; Fig.S2 shows the relationship between the mass concentration of DBP solution and the absorbance; Figs.S3-S13 show the GC/MS of DBP and main degradation intermediate

Wood Usage and Fire Veneration in the Pamir, Xinjiang, 2500 yr BP

<div><p>Located on the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang Province, China, the Ji’erzankale Necropolis dates back to 2500 yr BP. Many materials that have been unearthed in this cemetery, including shoo konghou (musical instrument), bronze mirrors and glass beads, suggest cultural transference between East and West. Furthermore, small-sized and rounded fire altars made from sweet-scented <i>Sabina</i> were found for the first time and regarded as implements for fire veneration. We identified 70 wooden objects from 25 tombs within the Necropolis, and found that each object had been made from one of seven tree species. Analysis revealed that the inhabitants of the region mainly used the most widely available types of wood, namely <i>Betula</i> and <i>Populus</i>. People also specifically chose inflammable <i>Populus</i> wood to make hearth boards and hand drills (both are used for making fire by drilling), rigid <i>Betula</i> wood to craft wooden plates. <i>Salix </i>was used for fashioning wooden sticks, while sweet-scented <i>Sabina</i> was the preferred choice for making fire altars. <i>Lonicera</i> was selected for arrow shaft manufacture and <i>Fraxinus syriaca</i>, which has a beautiful grain, was chosen for making musical instruments. Conscious selection of different types of wood indicates that people of the Pamir Plateau were aware of the properties of various types of timbers, and were able to exploit these properties to the full. In turn, this demonstrates their wisdom and their ability to survive in, and adapt to, their local environment.</p></div

Nanostructured Proton Conductors Formed via in Situ Polymerization of Ionic Liquid Crystals

Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) with hexagonal and lamellar phases were successfully fabricated by the self-assembly of a polymerizable amphiphilic zwitterion, which is formed by 3-(1-vinyl-3-imidazolio)­propanesulfonate (VIPS) and 4-dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) based on intermolecular electrostatic interactions. The microstructures and phase behaviors of ILCs were studied by polarized microscope (POM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The ILC topological structures can be considered as proton pathways and further fixed by photopolymerization to prepare nanostructured proton-conductive films. The introduction of highly ordered and well-defined ILC structures into these polymeric films radically improves the ionic conductivities

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from the Ji’erzankale Necropolis.

<p>Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from the Ji’erzankale Necropolis.</p

The use and species of wood found in Ji’erzankale Necropolis.

<p>The use and species of wood found in Ji’erzankale Necropolis.</p

Photographs of wooden objects from Ji’erzankale Necropolis.

<p>(a)Top view of fire altar; (b) Front view of fire altar; (c) Arrow shaft; (d) Hearth board and hand drill; (e) Hand drill; (f) Hearth board; (g) Top view of wooden plate; (h) Top view of shoo konghou.</p

Percentage of different wood species from Ji’erzankale Necropolis.

<p><i>Betula</i> sp. is the most species with percentage of 40%, while <i>Populus</i> sp. (21%), <i>Salix</i> sp. (11%), <i>Lonicera</i> sp. (11%), unidentified (7%), <i>Sabine</i> sp. (6%), <i>Fraxinus syriaca</i> (3%), <i>Elaeagnus angustifol</i> (1%).</p